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The primary sampling is habitually done to warrant that the study populace that is being researched is accurately sampled while the study sample is equitably disseminated. In other words, the distribution of the sample within the population is fair. Moreover, the preliminary testing or previous sampling is useful in avoiding...
The conclusions of surveys are typically drawn from the population samples. The sample representation of the population is essential, and it usually is being determined by the two most important statistics. These are the margin of error and the confidence interval. The confidence interval and the margin of error measure...
Samples are typically used to describe the characteristics of the broader population. Sampling is the process of selecting some entities within a population to draw the general conclusion about the whole population or part of the. In most surveys, sampling is normally used instead of conducting the whole measurements on...
The crucial goal of Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation was to claim the US position of non-interference in the European wars at the end of the 18th century. Explanation: The revolution in France of 1789 became a significant event not only in the history of the country but also in the field...
States would function independently of each other in a confederacy. Explanation: The three most commonly recognized systems of government, when divided by power structure, are unitary states, federations, and confederations. Most countries in the world are unitary, there are some federations, such as the United States, and examples of pure...
A challenge that modern presidents face is leading their political party. Explanation: The President of the United States is the de facto leader of his or her political party, as he or she has to win the internal election before the national vote happens. He or she also has a...
Incorporation creates a local government and establishes geographic boundaries for villages, towns, and cities. Explanation: Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation, which may be for-profit, non-profit, a sports club, or a new government. For example, when people gather to live in a previously unsettled location in significant quantities,...
One way that campaign workers communicate information during a campaign is by “canvassing”. Explanation: Canvassing is the practice of door to door visits to the homes of people to spread a campaign’s information. It is often employed in political campaigns, where the party’s representative or election candidate can engage voters...
The correct answer is D (theocracy and communism) because the definition of an oligarchy is when a group of people rules over a majority. Explanation: The Greek philosopher Plato outlined five government types: aristocracy, timocracy, tyranny, democracy, and oligarchy. In this type of government, there is a lessened degree of...
The correct answer is D (very high population growth) because in developing countries, high population growth is one of the most often occurring issues. Explanation: Answer A is not an issue at all, while real facts do not justify answer B. Answer C may seem correct, but often there is...
In a unitary system of government, local offices have equal power with the central government. Explanation: There are three structures of government; they include the unitary, federal, and confederate ones. The unitary system is determined by the fact that local offices have equal power with the central government, which means...
False. Explanation: Sexual harassment does not require that a sexual comment be made directly to a specific person. Sexual harassment has quite a broad definition that does include making direct sexual comments but is not limited to them. It means that this type of offense may entail both a verbal...
The correct answer is 1) creating subcommittees to deal with inequality. Explanation: The National Organization for Women is an American organization for women’s rights established in 1966. Its founders – Betty Friedan, Pauli Murray, and 47 more people – saw fighting discrimination, ensuring women’s access to public places, being able...
Culture is a vast concept that unites different social group’s beliefs, languages, rules, and more. Culture influences every aspect of human’s life and contributes to the enrichment of society. It helps to identify personality, fulfil human’s needs to be a part of the community and to be understood. Moreover, culture...
The classical conditioned reflex is based on the association of conditional and unconditional stimuli, in contrast to operant, formed as a result of a connection between the stimulus and the result of the response. Explanation: While I.P. Pavlov studied classical conditioning, foreign laboratories conducted research in the field of instrumental...
Simple interest stands for the money that one can earn from the funds that were initially invested while compound interest is the amalgamation of both the interest that one can earn and the initial investment. Explanation: The concept of simple interest relates to the money that one can earn based...
A limited government is a philosophy according to which the governmental power and its legalized force are restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. It was also a key concept in liberalism. Explanation: In countries with limited government, there are fewer laws about what businesses and individuals can and...
Representatives of the House are elected every two years, or every even year, as well as senators. Such an election procedure ensures the composition of the government, which understands the current needs of the population and can to respond to them appropriately. Explanation: There is a defined answer to the...
Civil inattention is a process in which strangers nearby demonstrate that they know each other without imposing. It is a situation of such a type when various people claim to be in public space. Explanation: The term civil inattention was introduced by Erving Goffman to describe the circumstances of human...
There are two types of Native American beadwork: the lazy stitch and the overlaid stitch. Traditionally, Indian beading was used as a means of trade and ritual items, as well as to define one’s economic and social status. Explanation: Beadwork is one of the most popular crafts of Native Americans....
In his 1877 speech, Chief Joseph let the US Army know that the Nez Perce tribe would not fight anymore and leave for the planned reservations outside the East Coast as the Native American population was tired of violence. Explanation: One of the reasons for Chief Joseph to come up...
The informal powers of the president are those, which are not defined in the U.S. Constitution. However, they can be applied in specific or unique situations, which require the president’s intervention or attention. Further, the informal powers support president’s executive orders to enforce some initiatives without approval from other branches...
Portinari Altarpiece is a triptych painting by Hugo van der Goes that dates back to 1475 and depicts the Adoration of the Shepherds. Nowadays, it is stationed at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. Explanation: The Portinari Triptych was commissioned by Tommaso Portinari, who was a financier close to Medici’s family...
The g factor (also known as general intelligence, general mental ability, or general intelligence factor) is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence. Explanation: For many years researchers have been attempting to understand the concept of human intelligence but could not perceive why some become bright thinkers, whereas...
In sociology, there are two cultural aspects, the material and the non-material, which are linked to each other. Material cultural objects are linked by the idea of non-material culture. Explanation: Material culture refers to the physical things, spaces and resources that people use to educate their own kind of culture,...
The pros of socialism can include lack of social classes, equal distribution of goods and common access to education and health system. The cons may list bureaucracy, large taxes or lack of motivation. Explanation: Socialism is a system, which implies equality and fair distribution of economic facilities. Usually in socialism...
The theory of processing levels is a concept developed in cognitive psychology in which the amount of memorization is associated with a particular level of information processing. The prolonged and qualitative memorization depends on the depth of the processing level. Explanation: The levels of processing theory were developed by Fergus...
Italian city states were a political phenomenon of small independent states mainly on the central and northern Italian peninsula between the 9th and 15th centuries. There were city states of Florence, Pisa, Lucca, Siena, and Ancona in central Italy, and Salerno, Amalfi, Bari, Naples, and Trani were in the south...
Human socialization occurs within the framework of similar social systems; therefore, it is possible to talk about the uniformity of motives and values that are formed in these systems. The main agents of human socialization are heredity, family, school, street, television and the Internet, books, public organizations, type of social...
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is an act regulating access to educational records by public structures such as educational institutions, employers, and foreign governments. Explanation: FERPA is a law that was established and introduced by James L. Buckley in 1974 in the United States. This act presupposes the protection...
Sovereign is an adjective that means that one has supreme power or sovereignty. It can also be used as a noun to denote a supreme ruler. Explanation: Sovereign was derived from the word soverain that was used in Old French. One of the meanings it had was “above”, which is...
The age of majority is the threshold of adulthood as recognized or declared in law. The age of majority in international research can be defined by the laws, customs, and norms in the area or a country in which the research will be conducted. Explanation: In general, the age of...
Intermediate directions is a term used to define the 4 points on a compass, which stand for north-west, north-east, south-east, and south-west. These parameters are widely used in geography, cartography, and other related sciences. Explanation: There are two types of directions utilized in geography. Everyone is familiar with North, South,...
A senator’s term in the USA makes six years. They represent their state in the US Senate, attend meetings, pass bills and participate in other activities of this governmental body. Explanation: The US Senate consists of 100 senators, two senators of each state, irrespective of the number of people living...
Community service is suitable for people who are not highly qualified, have a long break from work, or for students. Also, community service is often the sanction that the court provides for the offender to perform. Explanation: However, it is essential to understand that community service in itself is not...
The Obama administration, wishing to take control of some California state laws, dismantled the Harborside Medical Center. Harborside is known as a center that provides patients with the medical form of marijuana, which is permitted under state laws. The story ended in 2016 when the court returned Harborside to its...
Sociocentrism is a concept according to which the priority belongs to society in the relationship between the culture and individual. Sociocentrism is a societal approach when only the social dimension of a person takes place, and it is considered as the embodiment of social principles. Explanation: Sociocentrism is a view,...
Underextension is a term used to describe the inability of a child to extend the meaning of a newly-learned word to the other objects within the same category. This term is mostly used in sociological and psychological studies to describe the process of development and acquisition of new skills by...
Marginal thinking is a process of evaluating whether the cost of one more unit is less than its benefits. Explanation: Marginal thinking involves the analysis that goes into decision-making. It means thinking about what consequences will follow after the adoption of a decision. For instance, it is when someone decides...
Stupa definition might be given as the following – it is a Buddhist architectural structure of hemispherical shape. It is intended for meditations and contains Buddhist relics and religious objects. Explanation: A stupa is one of the main symbols of Buddhism. The sacred stupas are located in such countries as...
Mundane Realism compares and explores the level of similarity between objects and situations observed in the experiment and those that occur in reality. It follows that Mundane Realism is a type of external reality where conclusions can be combined and passed from experimentation to real situations. Explanation: In 1968, Elliot...
The concept of “democracy” means the power of the people. The socio-political phenomenon “democracy” is wider than the power of the people. Not only “the power of the people” as such, but also the social and political system is connected with the notion of democracy. Democracy is often understood as...
The Constitution delegates to the government only those rights that citizens are willing to give it. Formal constitutional amendments aimed at improving social policy, people’s living standards, the quality of medicine and education can significantly change the lives of citizens. Explanation: The USA became the first example of a modern...
Contemporary culture is defined as a multitude of distinctive cultures that are in dialogue and interaction with each other, and both of them go along the axis of past-future. Modern culture also has the specific properties that give it originality and uniqueness as a consequence of the development of previous...
A HIPAA authorization needs to be written in plain language and contain specific and meaningful information that will be used or disclosed. Explanation: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was designed to protect the personal information that is used in the health care and health insurance industries from...
The least helpful actions in the case of identity theft seem to be either doing nothing at all and hoping everything will get back to normal by itself or panicking mindlessly. Explanation: Identity theft is a crime that has become utterly widespread nowadays (millions of people become victims yearly). Precisely...
Republic (from the Latin. Res. Publica – common cause) is a form of government under which all the highest bodies of state power are either elected or formed by a national representative body. Explanation: Signs of republican form of government: election of the authorities; urgency; dependence on voters; a political...
The definition of Radical Republicans is that they are members of the Republican Party that existed during and after the Civil War of 1861-1865. The party contributed to the emancipation of slavery and advocated for the equal treatment of the freed black people. Explanation: During Reconstruction, Radical Republicans increasingly took...
Cultural imposition is defined as the tendency of an individual or a group to believe that their cultural values and beliefs should be dominant. That is why these people attempt to impose their behavioral patterns and values onto others. Explanation: The term of cultural imposition is principally related to the...
In relation to US history, nullification definition implies a state’s right to refuse to recognize Congressional law. Explanation: The right of nullification is based on the theory that the United States is the result of an interstate treaty, and they have the right not to comply with federal laws if...
Volley principle implies that the groups of neurons, or individual fibers, in the auditory system respond to a stimulus, or sound, in succession, while other groups of neurons respond to the second, and the following stimulus. Explanation: In 1937, the researchers Ernest Weaver and Charles Bray offered the hearing theory,...
Pastoral societies represent those that base their livelihood on herding domestic livestock and a predominantly nomad lifestyle. The theoretical importance of pastoral society characteristics lies in their exhibition of non-progressive evolution. They have played an important role during the agrarian era because of the impact on ecological and evolutionary processes....
A constitutional government definition implies a form of government that acts upon the authoritative document (constitution), which establishes the system of fundamental laws and principles that regulates the structure, functions, and limits of that government. Explanation: As such, this type of government is determined by the presence of a constitution...
A subculture is a group of people that develops within a culture and is distinct from the broad consensus. Such a group is united by shared beliefs, values, traditions, and rituals that are unique and might not comply with the broader culture. and sociologists. Explanation: Sociology scholars at the Chicago...
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory is also known as the multi-story memory model. This model assumes the presence of three separate but sequentially connected memory systems such as sensory, short-term and long-term. Explanation: The Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model states that short-term memory section is a centerpiece of the memory acquisition and...
A USPS regional destination facility is typically located in a city or area of a town, from which delivery operations to the postal offices can be organized. The regional destination facility acts as a warehousing and distribution sector within a particular area of responsibility. Explanation: The USPS delivery service operates...
Institutional discrimination definition is the discrimination by a large group, society, organization or social institution against members of a minority. Institutional discrimination may take place in the educational system, in commercial and production organizations, in the legal and judicial system, etc. Quite often there are cases of institutional discrimination in...
Committees of correspondence first emerged in the 18th century and were intended for American colonies to maintain the lines of communication before the Revolutionary War. For example, in 1772, Boston created the first committee of correspondence to facilitate the opposition to Britain’s stiffening the enforcement of customs and the ban...
The word “extolled” means “praised highly” or “lauded.” Extolled refers to proclaimed the glory of somebody or something. Explanation: The verb “extolled” has a positive meaning. It originates from the Latin “extollere” (ex – “out, upward” and tollere – “raise”). The antonyms for this word are “blamed” or “reproached”. Similar...
There are three basic types of federalism. They are dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and confederation. Some scholars include some other models on the list. The additional types are fiscal federalism, creative federalism, and new federalism. Explanation: The main types of federalism are dual federalism and cooperative federalism. Dual federalism draws...
A stipulative definition is a type of definition in which an existing or specially created description is assigned a new special meaning. Stipulative definitions can be used during the discussion in a specific context or as an argument, and also replace the dictionary meaning or lexical definition of the word...
Polytheism is a religious faith system based on the belief in the existence of several gods, each of which has its own sphere of responsibility. Together, the gods of one polytheistic religion form a unique pantheon. Polytheistic religions are opposed to monotheistic worldviews, on the one hand, and atheistic, on...
The three-fifths clause of the US Constitution was an agreement among states made in 1787 on the representation in the US House of Representatives. Explanation: In May of 1787, delegates from 12 of the 13 states met in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention. Their goal was to come up with...
Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal parliamentary democracy. Explanation: From the perspective of power ideology, the type of government in Canada is a constitutional monarchy. Canada has three branches of government: the legislative one that makes laws, the executive one that enforces laws, and judicial one that interprets...
Metasploit Framework is a tool for creating, testing, and using exploits. Explanation: Nowadays, there are numerous news on companies get hacked. It happens because the attackers can break through software security and get past the defenses. However, there is a tool – penetration testing, that enables companies to test their...
The Tearoom Trade study is a study by Laud Humphreys conducted in 1970 to obtain information on male homoerotic behaviors that occurred in public bathrooms. Explanation: In the 1960s, in Los Angeles, supposed homosexual behavior was a felony charge under the law. In 4 years, Los Angeles convicted 493 men...
Psychological noise as a barrier to communication is manifested in the fact that it is a constant mental chatter that never stops. This is an internal conversation or an internal monologue that constantly happens in the mind. Many do not know about this psychological noise, because it has become a...
The Strange Situation research was introduced by psychologists Mary Ainsworth and Wittig in 1969 and was based upon Ainsworth’s Uganda and Baltimore studies. Ainsworth developed the assessment technique called the Strange Situation Classification (SSC) to examine the modifications of attachments between children. Explanation: The Strange Situation was developed as an...
The Square Deal is a term that originated from Theodore Roosevelt’s nationwide legislations, which consisted of mainly three components, such as natural resources preservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection. The term itself means treating someone fairly. Explanation: The term Square Deal indicates the government ideology of the President of...
The original story of Pandora was mentioned by the Greek poet Hesiod in his poem “Works and Days,” where Pandora is the first woman on Earth. She opened a Pandora’s box, which let out all the evil to the world. Today, the idiom “Pandora’s box” means a source of great...
The term ingratiation refers to behaviors that a person illicitly enacts to make others like him or her or think well of his or her qualities as a person. The one who undertakes ingratiation may be characterized as an ingratiating (sycophantic) individual. Explanation: Ingratiation is an attempt to gain credibility...
Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the responsibilities of a particular role in his or her life. Role conflict is when a person has contradictions between roles corresponding to two or more statuses. Explanation: Regulatory requirements related to the social role, as a rule, are more or...
The spoils system is the provision of posts and privileges of the winning party to supporters for services during the election. The Spoils system consists in the fact that the country’s winning president places all adherents in government positions. It is an efficient and effective system of power retention. Explanation:...
The most comprehensive definition of contrapposto is a way of depicting a figure in art, in which the position of one part of the body is contrasted with the view of the other part. Contrapposto dynamizes the rhythm of the figure and allows portraying its movement or tension without disturbing...
There are several factors that contribute to the credibility of the information. To make sure one can trust a particular source, the following things should be checked: its authority, accuracy, objectivity and currency. Explanation: Reliability of the information one is looking for is based on several principles. To safely call...
Equity admits that different people have diverse conditions and attempts to fill the gap. It distributes resources in accordance with individual needs, while equality divides the resources between all the subjects equally because it aims to treat all people as they are the same in their rights. Explanation: Both equality...
The major difference in terms of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes lies in the ways of the ruling execution. The authoritarian government, being opposite to democracy, seeks to focus power in the hands of an individual. Totalitarian regime, on the contrary, tries to control every aspect of people’s lives through the...
The layer-cake federalism is also known as dual federalism and divided sovereignty. This is a political structure in which power and responsibilities are divided between the federal government and state ones in clearly defined terms. The state governments exercise the powers that were granted to them without the intervention of...
Frustration aggression theory is a phycological explanation that states that aggression is a possible outcome of blocking someone’s attempts to achieve a goal, and of frustration. Explanation: The frustration-aggression hypothesis was first proposed by a group of psychologists from Yale University: Neal Miller, John Dollard, Leonard Doob, Robert Sears, and...
The pun is a literary device based on the confusing use of a word that has several meanings or two equally sounding words with different meanings. Typically, puns are used as a joke and can produce a humorous effect resulting from a successful collision between two meanings. Explanation: Puns are...
Ascribed status means the social position of a person in society given at birth. Statuses that are ascribed to a person cannot be changed. Examples of ascribed status include gender, age, race, and ethnicity. Explanation: Status is a social position in society, and in everyday use, it means “prestige.” Status...
Biphasic response is a general term that is mostly used in alcohol drinking. The underlying idea is that alcohol consumption produces dual biphasic effect in a consumer, which are both stimulating and sedating. The given duality increases the chance of alcoholism occurrence among drinkers due to the increased range of...
According to the US Constitution the President fulfills the role of the commander in chief of the military. As the Constitution states, the President is the supreme military commander. Explanation: In the year 1947, it was decided that the acting President of the US will perform the responsibilities of the...
A blackout is the temporary memory loss that can occur for various reasons. However, in most cases, a blackout is referred to the breaches in memory due to the overconsumption of alcohol. Explanation: Different prior states of an individual can characterize a blackout. A person can lose consciousness for a...
The Chola empire managed to conquer many territories due to its ruling system, powerful authorities, and continuous cultural enrichment. The empire symbolizes a fundamental stage in history, which enriched the culture and contributed to civilization’s growth. Explanation: Chola is the empire in Southern India that became one of the dynasties...
This is the type of state in which various nations, nationalities, historically formed in this ethnic territory live together. Explanation: When surfing the Internet, one can always come across such questions as “Is Indonesia a multinational state?”. To answer this question, it is crucial to understand what this concept implies....
John Muir states that the reason why do people cut down trees is that they the given process creates a vast open space for agricultural needs, such as cattle farmlands. However, due to his naturalist views, he is greatly displeased and opposes the deforestation. Explanation: John Muir deserves the right...
The recommended method for attaching a haul line to a firearm is to attach it to the firearm’s sling in a manner that the firearm hangs with the muzzle pointed down. Explanation: Gun safety measures are essential for every hunter, as well as hunter education in general. It aims at...
Presidential democracy is a way of distributing power, or a form of government, in which the executive and legislative branches of government have separate authorities and are elected separately. This form of government balances the political system and prevent usurpation of power. Explanation: The main features of the presidential system...
The tertiary circular reactions definition in Piagetian theory is an infant’s action that creatively modifies former schemes to adapt to the requirements of new situations. Such reactions occur close to the end of the sensorimotor stage at about the beginning of the 2nd year. Explanation: The tertiary circular reactions vary...
Glittering generalities is a method of propaganda, which implies vague words or statements that have an emotional appeal on people without providing specific grounds. Such words usually have a positive effect on people as they identify high-valued ideas and define the general concept of the glittering generalities. Explanation: As a...
Ticket splitting is the tendency of the voting system in the United States to cast votes concurrently for the candidates based on their appeal to the voter, notwithstanding one’s political allegiance. Such a voting approach has a broad application and signifies the weakness of the party, as well as the...
Balanced reciprocity is one of three kinds of reciprocities in sociology. The other two are generalized and negative reciprocity. Balanced reciprocity occurs when people provide support or give gifts to each other in equal amounts. Explanation: Balanced reciprocity can best be explained by redistribution anthropology and reciprocal exchange, which refers...
The importance of industrialization cannot be understated. Industrialization influences societal development and produces certain economic transformations as a result. Explanation: Nowadays, the word “industrialization” is very common. It is usually connected with such issues as technological progress, mass production, large enterprises, and development. The impact of industrialization encompasses many different...
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approves the quality of a research process, and the risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences generally fall in three categories that are determined by specific regulations and credible and fair data. Explanation: Informed consent is a critical element of any research process in...
A senatorial courtesy definition example is a political custom that is frequently used by the US President in the intention to consult a Senator while nominating a person for a federal position within a particular state. Explanation: The United States of America is a country with a strong political system...
Leasing or renting a car can be attractive to some consumers due to the fact that lease payments are usually lower than financing a similar one. In addition, leasing gives more financial control to a person by allowing him use a car for pre-determined period. However, the buyer’s period mostly...
The most common social issues examples in society include bad habits, drug abuse, social stratification, racism, sexism, chauvinism, crime, bribery, and corruption. Explanation: With the development of humankind and under the influence of the latest technologies, new problems arise that people have not even thought about before. They accumulate and,...
Neo-freudism definition does not represent a single coherent doctrine. As followers of the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, neo-Freudians psychologists remained committed to the idea of unconscious emotional motivation of human activity, but offer evidence that psychopathology is relative and specific to each culture. Explanation: Freud’s ideas continue to influence...
In short, yes and no. There are indeed many different deities in the faith of Hinduism, and each God performs its function in this world. However, Hinduism believes that all of these deities are merely a representation (avatar) of one and the most famous God Brahman. Explanation: Hinduism religion has...