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Discuss Honeymoon Island, specifically, the Dunedin Causeway. How did a hurricane reshape the Honeymoon Island area? What is a causeway, and how does it change local currents? The differences on the North and Southside of the causeway are due to currents, and we’ll look at that as well as learn...
The key components of the hydrologic cycle are interception, precipitation, evaporation, depression storage, infiltration, runoff, percolation, moisture, and transpiration. Evaporation occurs on the surface and oceans because of heat from the sun. The moisture rises, which precipitates fall back into the oceans and land in the form of sleet, hail,...
The factors that affect runoff and sediment yield include vegetation, soil, rainfall, topography, and meteorological conditions. Vegetation refers to the amount and nature of plants that cover the ground. Lack of adequate vegetation accelerates runoff and causes increased soil erosion, thus, high sediment yield. On the other hand, well-aerated soil...
Explore fossil fuels as a part of our world and people’s dependence on them. The objective of this question is to explore the fossil fuel industry and people’s dependence on it. Explain when humans have become dependent on fossil fuels in their various uses in industry. Also, explore and discuss...
How does the atmosphere interact with the geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere? Think about how the atmosphere and these systems interact with and depend on one another, provide specific examples and explain the interactions thoroughly. Organize your answer around a clear thesis statement. Your response should be clearly worded, well organized,...
Discuss Steve Goreham’s answer to the issue “Is Anthropogenic Global Warming Real and Dangerous?”, “The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic” by Muller and the latest report on the climate from the government. Does one’s stance on global warming depend on one’s source of funding? Why do some people deny the...
Reflect on the videos “Tap Water versus Bottled Water” by Tamera Lay, “Synthetic Sea” by Charles Moore, and “Why there are plastics in Pacific Northwest shellfish?” by EarthFixMedia. “Tap Water versus Bottled Water” by Tamera Lay speaks about how tap water is healthier, cheaper, and better for the environment than...
Pay a visit to Fort De Soto North Beach. Start off in a tidepool and look at a snail nursery. Then explore a salt marsh. Why are there smaller, muddy sediments in tidepools but not on Gulf beaches? What is the salt marsh grass that is grown in our local...
How does climate change affect you? Are you worried? Do you feel that concerns are exaggerated? Do you take action, and how? Post at least one example of how climate change affects: people; the ocean; animals; our farms and our food.
Analyze the tundra biome as an example ecosystem. Provide one example of a keystone species found in the biome/ecosystem. Why is this keystone species important to the biome/ecosystem? What defines it as a keystone species? Provide an example of an invasive species found in the biome/ecosystem. What are some of...
Discuss inequalities in the Anthropocene as a key challenge to sustainable development. Discuss the drivers and effects of climate change and how to address it. Highlight global and regional inequalities in the Anthropocene (such inequalities include things like uneven impacts, vulnerabilities, contributions to these impacts/climate change, and contributions to solutions)....
Discuss any topic concerning one Caribbean city or town of your choosing. To answer this question use at least 5 to six sources. Surf the Internet for the information presented by Caribbean News, articles, or Journals, but remember that not everything on the Internet is complete or accurate. Many Caribbean...
In the United States, the climate change policy stands on the side of global warming and its impact on the future of the planet. Politicians, media, and volunteers disclose the problem of coming changes due to the greenhouse effect. However, it is hard to estimate the actual impact of global...
Global Warming and Climate Change Climate change is one of the most significant environmental threats that exacerbates other problems experienced by the inhabitants of the Pacific region. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from global warming have devastating effects ranging from heat waves and droughts to forest fires on the land, such...
Countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania experience adverse environmental disasters more than other regions. Vulnerability to storms, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, and flooding in these regions is attributed to their ways of life and their geographically low-lying coastlines and small island countries. Southeast Asia and Oceania have experienced exponential growth in...
Antarctica has been experiencing a gradual increase in atmospheric temperature in the recent past, which is attributed to climate change and global warming. Despite the slight resistance to melting compared to the arctic ice, it is general knowledge that industrialization and human activities have hurt the ecosystem of the Antarctica...
The majority of the Muslim population lives in the Asia-Pacific region. Thus, most of the population, approximately 62 percent, are representatives of a particular. In addition, Muslims also, for the most part, live in Indonesia, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Moreover, in the Middle East, there are most countries where Islam...
The most significant impact that the atmosphere has on the ocean is the transmission of sunlight and heating of the ocean surface. This fact is responsible for several atmospheric phenomena. For example, the rotation of the earth and uneven evaporation of water due to different temperature zones cause winds that...
There are two main types of ocean circulation such as horizontal and vertical. Major winds and earth rotation form surface currents throughout the ocean that carries warm water from the equator to the poles. Vertical circulation also occurs in the North Atlantic and along Antarctica as the water cools, increasing...
One of the most severe and hazardous environmental issues of the modern world is plastic pollution. Over the past fifteen years, people have doubled the production and use of plastic as it is one of the cheapest materials. However, not everyone is ready to face the consequences and try to...
The main idea of the video and the two articles is that we, humans, need to be more aware of plastic pollution and the Great Pacific Garbage Patch problem in particular. This pressing environmental issue is a severe hazard, and people need to unite their efforts and eliminate or limit...
The plate tectonic theory, which suggests that continents move due to the sliding observed in tectonic plates, provides a mechanism that explains Wegener’s observations. The mechanism is creating ocean crust at mid-ocean ridges and the subductions of old crust at oceanic trenches. Plate tectonics theory explains that continents were once...
The continental drift theory was incomplete because it could not explain the driving mechanism for what could cause the continents’ movement. Continental drift was based on observations that did not explain events and history and did not allow predictions. It lacked a convincing explanation of how the continents moved, which...
The rocks that were identical in their age, as well as their components, were found in South America and some parts of Africa. Wegner posited that these rocks had the same nature and were formed simultaneously, drifting apart afterward. The observed evidence suggests that the same climate and weather trends...
Continental drift theory explains how the continents shift position on the earth’s surface. Alfred Wegener proposed this theory in 1912 based on the preexisting suggestions made by other scholars, as well as his own study of the subject matter. According to Wegener, while the continents currently appear to be disjointed,...
Nearly the entire process of mo’ai creation took place in special quarries, in which the construction materials were abundant. The transportation to ahus only started upon full completion of the monument. Nevertheless, there remained one significant detail, which was added afterward. Rapa Nui filled the eye sockets of the mo’ai,...
The lasting process of mo’ai reconstruction has shown archaeologists the true meaning of history, culture, and passion. The past of Rapa Nui contains endless mysteries, which may never be revealed, but the process itself was filled with passion and faith. The collective efforts of a dedicated team created a spirit...
Archaeology is a complex, multifaceted discipline which pursues an objective of paramount importance. The aim of this field is to unravel the lost mysteries of the past, shedding light on the life and culture of ancient civilizations. While it is nearly impossible to draw a conclusion with absolute certainty, archaeologists...
The people of Rapa Nui branched off the Polynesian civilization centuries ago. Similar to their ancestors, they were expert sea travelers who understood the ocean in all its complexity. Having arrived at one of the most isolated islands on Earth, Rapa Nui was able to settle there and establish a...
The following chart represents the application of land conservation and a management theory for forest harvesting, rangeland management, parks, and natural preserves, agricultural use, and land degradation: As the chart shows, Ohio has not been witnessing radical changes in the degradation of soil, nor has it yet developed an impressive...
The link between the plants, vegetables, and fruits grown in soil, toxicity, and such elements as solubility, bioaccumulation, and persistence is quite obvious. What grows in soil retrieves most elements required for sustaining the process of growth from the soil. As a result, in contaminated soil, where the toxicity of...
An environmental risk is traditionally defined as a risk of developing health issues as a result of being exposed to a hazardous or unhealthy environment. In the area that I live and work in, lead-based paint causes much concern. Diseases caused by the environmental change may only spawn as a...
Unfortunately, surrounding water and pollution issues are not new to Ohio. In a recent report, the problem of pollution and its effect on the water resources in the state has been touched upon. According to the latest data, a range of Ohio water resources, particularly the local river, suffer from...
The relation between a chase for the Western lifestyle, which the Chinese are pursuing at present, is related directly to their pollution issues. Not only do the local residents fail to afford to buy a Hybrid car, which pollutes the air to a lesser degree, but they also encourage tourism...
The seafloor spreading theory proposes that convection currents move plates of the earth’s crust that float on the mantle. The surface expression of this zone is a mid-ocean ridge. The spreading of these plates can be observed and measured in the Mid-Atlantic and Pacific Nazca ridges.
As shown by evidence such as parallel magnetic patterns on both sides of mid-ocean ridges, the process of seafloor spreading is an observable fact. The specified evidence eventually caused the geological community to acknowledge the plausibility of the concept of continental drift. Seafloor spreading can cause new geographical features to...
Sonar-equipped vessels crisscrossed the oceans collecting ocean depth profiles of the seafloor beneath them. The survey data was used to create three-dimensional relief maps of the ocean floor. In 1953, American ocean cartographer Marie Tharp revealed an underwater mountain range more than 16000 km long in Atlanta.
Evidence from fossils helps to reveal how the plates were once connected. Fossils indicate when and where plants and animals once existed. The analysis of fossils distribution led to the theory that the southern continents were once joined into a supercontinent. For example, the fossils discovered in Africa and South...
When tectonic plates grind along with one another, they build up potential energy along the fault, which is occasionally released in vibrations, causing earthquakes. The majority of earthquakes on the planet occur at the edge of the plates, although inter-plate earthquakes can occur when pressure accumulates in the plate. For...
The plate tectonics theory states that the earth’s solid outer crust is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere resulting in geological events. Observations from continental drift theory and discoveries of seafloor spreading zones led to the creation of the plate tectonics theory. Continental drift and seafloor spreading are...
The work of Norwegian archaeologist Thor Heyerdahl was closely connected to Easter Island and its secrets. In 1955, Heyerdahl theorized that the mo’ai could be moved on a small tree fork over the ground. Accordingly, he made such an attempt in practice, which yielded mixed results. The method worked in...
The East coast of Easter Island boasts some of the largest mo’ai. When this sacred place was struck by a tidal wave in 1960, archaeologists in charge of restoration determined that the weight of a single mo’ai head amounted to 27 tons. Overall, one of the heaviest monuments is estimated...
Nearly 900 mo’ai monuments are scattered across Easter Island. While they were carved in quarries near the center of the island, most of them were transported toward the ocean and placed on ahus, or sacred platforms. The state of the mo’ai varies from poor to exceptional. All of them were...
Archaeologist Joanne Van Tilburg proposed the log-roller method of mo’ai transportation. It consists of placing the mo’ai upon a triangular sled and pulling it along wooden log tracks as if it traveled on rails. In reality, Easter Island archaeologists found it challenging to transport the statue this way. The logs...
According to one of the prominent approaches, once Rapa Nui people sled a mo’ai to its designated ahu platform, they began a slow process of lifting the statue. They used ropes and levers to gradually move the mo’ai toward the vertical position. As the procedure could take a long time,...
Föhn winds (foehn) are usually dry and warm and form in almost all mountainous regions and high ranges. These winds descend on the leeward side of the highlands. Föhn winds originate from humidified air that ascends on the windward side. As the air flows up the slopes, it undergoes expansion,...
Hydrographs indicate the rate of volume flux of water in a river during rain periods and may indicate peaks or lag. While hydrographic readings depend on rainfall behavior, they also reveal the base flow or groundwater. It can be measured except when there is no rain for long periods. The...
Overpopulation leads to scarcity of resources. At the moment not every human being has access to clean water. Many people are dying of starvation due to lack of food which is attributed to global warming. Global warming has led to change of weather patterns in most parts of the world...
The concepts of integration and coordination are usually confused or identified as one and the same thing in the context of oceans and coastal management in particular. However, it is wrong to define them as the same because there are several differences that have to be mentioned. First, in coastal...
One of the climatic features that contribute to good air quality in Ohio is the seasonal variation that is associated with weather in the region. During winter, air quality improves with the condensation of most of the pollutants. For air quality reporting, the place that will be accessible is the...
Water is a very important resource that people use daily in domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. The scarcity of water in Mozambique has significant social implications because 50% of people in rural areas walk for more than 30 minutes in search of water, while about 5% of them access piped...
Choose five countries and research them in detail. Discuss how the five themes of geography are shown in the realm countries. Provide at least one map, that shows the major physiographic phenomena (mountains, rivers, etc.) and all major cities, including a special marking for the capital city of each country.
The word “igneous” is a Latin word for fire. This means igneous originate from hot, fluid material called “lava” that erupts on the earth’s surface during a volcanic activity or un-erupted lava at shallow depths within bodies. These types of rock are either formed at the surface of the earth...
Current world climate zones are determined according to the zonation pattern based on differences in the sea and air temperature. According to this zonation pattern, the basic climate zones are Tropical, Temperate, and Polar Zones, as it is presented in Figure 1. The mentioned zonation pattern can be explained with...
Contamination of recreational water in a sewered town occurs when untreated waste substances are discharged into water bodies directly or indirectly. Fecal bacteria are a category of bacteria that come from the feces of humans, domestic and wild animals. Fecal bacteria gain access into rivers and lakes through the human...
There are three main types of species distribution in relation to zones which are the antitropical (bipolar or bitemperate) distribution, tropical distribution, and cosmopolitan distribution. Antitropical distribution is discussed when species are present in “temperate or polar environments in both the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres”, but these species are...
The large-scale movement in Earth’s Lithosphere is called “Plate tectonics.” The continental drift concept is one of the basic ideas in the development of the case. It is a very important concept for understanding the shapes of the continents. The Earth is made up of plates like the pieces of...
There are several environmental factors that influence geographic variation in decomposition rates. At the geographic scale, the temperature in various locations is a critical determinant of rates of decomposition. This is just one element of climate which is responsible for the decomposition rate at the geographic level. In addition, pressure...
Lava is the melted rock that is erupted during the volcanic processes. In the context of Earth, its crust is a superheated zone and in that place, all the rocks and minerals are melted due to the high temperature. The temperature of lava can range from 700 degrees Celsius to...
One of the most important geological signatures, “the K-T boundary, is a thin band of 65 million years ago.” It can be stated that “The boundary marks the end of the Mesozoic era and the beginning of the Cenozoic era.” It can be associated with a very important historical event,...
Often described as the most unstable large mass of ice, the West Atlantic Ice Sheet (WAIS) has been studied by many scientists. Most of them have predicted that they will succumb to the effects of global warming. It should be noted that this aftermath portends a disaster of unrivaled magnitude,...
Central America consists of many mountain ranges, these include the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and the Cordillera de Talamanca. Another geographic feature of this region is the Panama Canal that joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Fertile valleys occur between the mountain ranges and most settlements and agricultural activities occur...
Amerindians were the earliest inhabitants of the Americas; they are also known as the Native Americans, Aboriginals, or the First Nations. They entered the Americas through what is known today as the Baring Strait from Eurasia around 12,000-21,000 years ago. They are thought to have used boats or foot as...
One of the most contrasting features of South America is the climate. The large area of the continent makes climate vary from one region to another, the climate is further affected by the water oceans, i.e., Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the Caribbean Sea, and the Amazon River. The temperature of...
The most important map in the study of the Americas was the one on the geography of the region. Through these maps, I learned of the features that make the Americas unique; the world’s highest waterfall (Angel Falls), the second-longest river and the largest by volume (the Amazon River), the...
One of the surprising facts I go to learn about the Americas is that the bridge connecting the two countries is only 3 million years old. I was also surprised to learn that despite its large size of 17.8 million km2, the S. American population is only 370 million, a...
Natural disasters are those disasters that are caused by nature. This includes floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, sinkholes, storms, hurricanes, typhoons, tornados, blizzards, avalanches among others. Scientists have therefore identified some mechanisms to predict these disasters. Scientists have advised that hurricanes, tornados, and cyclones can be predicted using meteorological and...
The Earth, which is estimated to be 4.6 billion years old, was a molten rock-magma ocean. The expected high-speed solid forces hit together to form the planet. With the cooling of particles, condensation took place, leading to the formation of rainbows and, subsequently, rainfalls. Plate tectonics also led to the...
Continental mountain ranges formation refers to geological procedures that mark mountain ranges whose understanding has been simplified by plate tectonics. The movement of plate tectonics is responsible for the formation of mountain chains which can occur in different manners. One of the methods is through subduction, which causes the oceanic...
Firstly, Mount Rainier is much larger than Mount St. Helens. Thus, the eruption of the former would have more destructive outcomes than that of the latter. Secondly, Mount Rainier is situated next to a large city, which means that its eruption would cause more human sacrifices. Finally, Mount Rainier has...
Fossilization is usually a rare phenomenon as most components of once-living creatures tend to decay relatively quickly after their death. In order for the organism to be fossilized, it is necessary that the remains need to be covered by sediments at the earliest. Fossilization occurs under circumstances when the organisms...
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of dead animals or other organisms. Fossil formation begins with the death of a creature. When the dead animal settles at the bottom, the first reaction is the decaying of the fleshy parts. As a next step, the sediments cover the remains of...
The article “Empty House on the Prairie” is dedicated to the move to the Midwest before the ice breaks, making the family build the new house and totally change their life. “The tiny towns in the Great Plains and upper Midwest don’s want to die. They are trying to keep...
An advertisement about nuclear energy in an American scientific magazine runs like this “cleaner and greener”, referring to the energy obtained from nuclear power plants. “Our 103 nuclear power plants don’t burn anything, so they don’t produce greenhouse gases.” The Nuclear institutes try to tell the world that nuclear energy...
The term “Deep Ecology” is a part of Ecological philosophy that considers all human kinds as a basic element in this environment. This philosophy gives the idea that all living beings have an equal right to live and flourish in the environment. This philosophy was introduced by a Norwegian philosopher...
There is no denying the importance of the fact that Australia’s merchandise trade is differentiated by regional parameters. It should be noted that among the leading trade partners are the majority of developed and developing countries of East Asia and the Asia Pacific, such as China, Japan, Korea and New...
There is no denying the importance of the fact that tourism plays an important role in bolstering development and GDP growth in the Asia-Pacific region. Such countries as Thailand and Malaysia are notable examples of tourism phenomena when tourism money and resource flows significantly improved their economic and political positions...
The main advantage of modern technologies and innovative solutions used by the US is that they allow the state to inform populations on time and prevent mass destructions. The eruptions not only vary in their style and power, but also in their effects and interaction with the natural and the...
Geologically, volcanic eruptions are predictable. The main methods of predictions are seismographic monitoring, tiltmeters, surveillance by satellite. Generalizations based on broad trends are thus of limited use, because little preventive action could be taken about them. If, also, a volcano behaves in a consistent way, like many active cinder cones,...
Catastrophism ardently believes that the earth has sustained innumerable catastrophes and upheavals during its eventful lifetime. The present earth structure has been the end result of numerous cataclysmic activities like deluges, earthquakes, volcanic explosions, etc. The earth has survived all these calamities and yet is surging forward. Evidence of the...
In stable clouds, there is very little vertical motion, not enough even to generate small water droplets, and this thus escapes as a mild drizzle of precipitation. It is necessary that ice formation requires the occurrence of precipitation from the cloud from which falling rain must be well above freezing...
Urban construction modifies surface properties that contribute to the VHI, such as albedo, etc. Studies conducted, including surface albedo, helped to locate surface-atmosphere interfacing and test conduct urban effects in a global climatic model. When comparing the zonal averaged urban albedo to the averaged cropland albedo, it is seen that...
Climate change refers to the conspicuous variations in either the average state of climate on earth or its variation over a period of time. This may occur due to internal forces or even due to external reasons, due to population growth or usage of land resources. The impact of greenhouse...
The atmospheric pressure exerted on any matter X could be said to be the pressure exerted above it. When the pressures at this point X increase, the atmospheric pressure is said to increase, and vice versa. It is seen that local high atmospheric pressures act as an obstacle to the...
Shorelines are in a constant state of fluctuation since sea waves move during high tides. The rising and falling of tidal waves advances or retards shorelines. The dangers of erosion and flooding pose real threats to shorelines, especially during storms. The areas near coastal regions are invariably affected by high...
The main aspects with regard to stabilizing shorelines could be seen in terms of alleviating the challenges posed by flooding, inundations, and erosion of shorelines. It is seen that there are a variety of techniques used, including providing barricades to seawater intrusion, providing walling and reinforcements, and laying of channels...
According to the plate tectonics theory, nearly 200 million years ago, the continents were one giant mass moving along the Earth’s surface. Over a period of time, this mass collided and disintegrated to form the present continents. The collusion created mountains, of which the Ural Mountains could be one such...
The main factors that determine whether the hanging wall has moved upwards or downwards could be seen from a number of perspectives, including tectonic settings, fossils, etc. If it is in a pressurized compacted setting, it is very much likely that the hanging wall has moved in an upward direction,...
To a certain extent, the wind does contribute to soil erosion, especially in dry, arid regions, devoid of rainfalls except for occasional cloudbursts. Erosion is said to be a condition whereby rocks and other materials on the surface of the Earth get disintegrated and fragmented due to a variety of...
The most important elements that constitute the Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon. The physical properties of minerals that help identify them are structure, thickness, chemical composition, and weight. The uncovered portions of the continental crust are thicker than oceanic crust, which is loaded with iron and other minerals. However,...
The atmosphere of the earth is multi-layered. The layer nearest to the surface is the troposphere. Followed by it is the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is located, which protects the earth, from ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, considered to be harmful to all forms of life – humans, plants, and animals....
These two maps illustrate the political, social, and economic structure of the international community during and after the Cold War. There are various approaches to the stratification or division of countries. One of them is the so-called three-world theory, and it can be observed in the first picture. To some...
Some of the most common words that we hear almost daily include sustainable development, sustainable community, sustainable industry, sustainable agriculture, etc. If we observe, the term “sustainable” is very common in all these terms. In a layman’s language, sustainability is associated with the quality of life in a community. This...
There are seven main areas of environmental problems that face the National Park all around the world. These include overuse, insufficient funds for park operation, threats to wildlife, the concession systems, energy and mineral development, atmospheric pollution, and activities on neighboring lands. The major problem comes from the visitors coming...
If we look at the history of human usage of energy, the sun was the first energy source that gave us light and heat. The discovery of fire resulted in the possibility of burning wood for cooking and heating. Renewable sources of energy such as sun, wind, biomass, and hydropower...
From the very beginning of human civilization, it has been noted that in one way or the other human beings have had their impact on the wildlife as well as the nearby ecosystem. Human impacts on wildlife species upset the basic life of wildlife and also cause pressure on wildlife...
If I were in charge of designing a conservation strategy, I would emphasize protecting whole communities or ecosystems rather than protecting individual endangered species. To elaborate on my point, I would like to take the example of the desert tortoise. The desert tortoise is among the endangered species known in...
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, took place from 3-14 June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fact # 1 The Hudson is a broad, full-flowing river that has access to the Atlantic Ocean. Fact # 2 The first Dutch Colonies were created on the island of Manhattan, which is now one of the largest cities in the United States – New York. Connection A wide and...
The Ring of Fire is a place in the Pacific Ocean basin. It is still a seismically active area where most volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place. This is also a place where several plates subduct, and this is what causes numerous earthquakes and eruptions.