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Given that actually spoken languages are dynamic systems, is it possible to improve the status of the Gullah language by modernizing it and changing the sociocultural meanings associated with it (“The Story of English”)? If so, how can it be achieved, and what social institutions should be involved?

Racial minority groups can be further divided into smaller subgroups based on the peculiarities of their linguistic identities. The assigned video shows fragments of an interview with an elderly Black woman named Jenny. She speaks the Gullah language, the language that has contributed to modern African Americans’ speaking practices (“The...

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As a genre, spirituals often focus on the theme of slavery, the practice that is prohibited and openly condemned nowadays. In modern realia, what role does the tradition of performing spirituals play in the reification of race through language practices?

In their text, Chun and Lo define “linguistic racialization” as complex sociocultural processes through which the “material and experiential” realities of race are “kept alive”. The video contains a bright example of a practice that is religious, arts-related, and linguistic simultaneously. Negro spirituals are still performed by Black women in...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of difficulties with organization, attention, and coordination regarding people with dyslexia.

Dyslexia impacts an individual’s ability to process information when reading and writing. However, when it comes to organization, dyslexic people experience struggles maintaining an organized and managed life. Despite the problem with organization, dyslexic people can be highly creative, have insight, and solve problems effectively. Attention is another issue of...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the differences between dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder, the relationship between literacy and learning, and the structure of language: morphology, semantic structure, and written language rules.

Dyslexia has been established to be a learning difficulty that impacts how a person reads and writes. On the other hand, developmental learning disorder is a very common but hidden condition that means the child encounters challenges using and comprehending language, like blindness. Developmental learning disorder may impact an individual’s...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key features of effective specialist dyslexia teaching.

For effective teaching of dyslexic students, an educator must have an understanding of phonological elements. In addition to phonological aspects, teachers of dyslexic students must also have the ability to promote listening and attention among students while can help students develop spoken language. The other key feature associated with effective...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the impact of EAL and multilingualism on learning and literacy development and how dyslexia and SpLD in the learner’s first language can affect their ability to learn English as an additional language.

Students with English as an additional language have a dual responsibility at school to learn through English and to learn English. Multilingualism and EAL affect literacy and learning development by switching back and forth between languages, and they become tired faster than those who use only English. Unless observations are...

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Demonstrate your understanding of what other factors should be considered with regard to the acquisition of literacy skills.

The other factors that researchers should consider concerning literacy skills are cognitive processing, conceptual, linguistic, perceptual, and social aspects. Goode shows that through social factors, children deduce a speaker’s talkative intent and employ the information in guiding how they learn languages. Furthermore, the verbal environment plays another significant role in...

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Demonstrate your understanding of phonological awareness, the stages of phonological acquisition, and the difference between phonics and phonology.

Phonological awareness is a fundamental emergent competency and proficiency in reading and includes an explicit word, onset rhyme, syllables, and personal structure awareness. While some children pick this ability naturally, others have to acquire it. Phonics, on the other hand, is a teaching instruction that allows children to decode letters...

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Demonstrate your understanding of auditory processing.

With regard to language development, auditory processing is the ability that an individual has to attach meaning to auditory information. Furthermore, the capability allows people to formulate an appropriate answer based on the importance attached to auditory information. Auditory processing becomes a complication in dyslexic children because it results in...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of reading development models and dyslexia.

Identifying the primary skills that require development among students with dyslexia is critical in reading acquisition. Using the reading development four-phase model, Ehri argues the central stepping stone in the reading acquisition is decoding. The alphabetic principle corresponds to how word-printed maps onto the phonemes in spoken words are represented....

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of writing development models and dyslexia.

Students with dyslexia encounter writing challenges, and as theorized, a central writing element is associated with some cognitive writing development models. The writing challenges are attributed to the reading difficulties found in students with dyslexia. The challenges can manifest in several ways in their writing, like poor eligibility, poor spelling,...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of spelling development models and dyslexia.

The phonological perspective described in developing children’s spelling skills shows an increasing ability to map word sounds to phonetically appropriate letters. From the proposed models on spelling development, children transition from an initial stage where spellings are non-phonological to the later scene where spellings are phonologically sufficient. The belief is...

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Analysis of a Letter to the Editor of The New York Times

Find a letter to the editor in the New York Times, LA Times, or Wall Street Journal. Use the Toulmin Argument to analyze the letter. Suggest revisions and offer additional evidence. Explain why you chose the topic you did and whether what you believed to be accurate about that topic...

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George Orwell’s Essay “Politics and the English Language”

Why and how does Orwell come to that conclusion? Do you agree or disagree with Orwell’s argument? If you agree, why? If you do not agree, why not? In George Orwell’s essay “Politics and the English Language,” Orwell asserts that the English language of his time is “full of bad...

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The Age of Learning a Second Language and the Fluency

Does the age of learning a second language affects fluency? In South African schools, learners are required to learn two languages, a first language, and a second additional language. In reference to your own experience, describe whether learning a second language in school (primary and high school) helped your fluency...

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Professional Communication in Written and Oral Forms

Discuss the topic of effective professional communication in written and oral forms. Describe two or three techniques you can apply when delivering an effective bad-news message and why each is important. Discuss two or three strategies you can utilize when writing or speaking to persuade others to accept your point...

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Aspects of Learning a Second Language in School

Describe whether learning a second language in school (primary and high school) helped your fluency in that language. In South African schools, learners are required to learn two languages, a first language and a second additional language. Describe your experiences regarding foreign language learning and how they are supported or...

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Improving the “Writing Crisis”: Why Writing Matters

Discuss the “writing crisis” and provide a reflection look at how well you write. There are those who say that if someone understands what is meant, the technical aspect of writing shouldn’t matter. In reality, however, it matters – especially in public relations where perceptions cost money – and jobs!...

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Read Jamaica Kincaid’s “Lucy.” Examine themes of childhood, sexuality, and ethnocentrism. Evaluate their use in the novel. You can use text-based examples to help validate your response.

The theme of childhood often arises in the book, and these memories are harsh for Lucy. As a kid, she has felt the strain of the British system and its attempts to supplant her native culture. Lucy remembers being forced to sing and learn poems that neglected her values. She...

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Describe the main difference in the articulation of the phonemes /s/ and /z/. (In other words, what do we do differently when we say ‘sssssssss’ and then say ‘zzzzzzzz’?)

Both /s/ and /z/ phonemes are alveolar fricatives and also sibilants (they are articulated through the use of the tongue placed against the alveolar ridge, producing a hissing sound). However, the difference between them lies in the manner of articulation, namely the nature of voice. /s/ phoneme is voiceless, which...

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Using the words top, foot, better, and football among your examples, and focusing on the phoneme /t/, explain in some detail, as if to a person who has never studied phonology, the relationship between a phoneme and an allophone.

While a phoneme is one structural element of an utterance, an allophone is a variation of one phoneme that is still perceived as one and the same sound by the speakers of a language. For example, when English speakers hear the words top, foot, better, and football pronounced, they perceive...

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Select a modern-day example of a good persuasive speaker and attach the selected speech. What makes this speaker good? What lessons did you take away from watching this speaker deliver the speech used?

One modern-day example of well-constructed persuasive rhetoric is Bernie Sanders’s speech at the 2020 Democratic National Convention. Sanders succinctly summarizes the problems facing the U.S. and why the current administration is incapable of dealing with them. He incentivizes the younger generation to vote for Biden to preserve democracy and ensure...

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What are the hallmark characteristics of persuasive speech?

The hallmark characteristics of a persuasive speech are called ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos is considered the most important and involves establishing credibility with the audience. This can be achieved by mentioning previous relevant field experience, maintaining a formal tone, and increasing relatability to gain trust. Logos presents a set...

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Appropriate Settings to Use African-American Vernacular English and Mainstream English

Examine the appropriate settings to use African-American Vernacular English and Mainstream English. If AAVE is deemed appropriate only in informal settings and mainstream English is deemed appropriate only in formal settings, what might these recommendations imply about the cultures that speak AAVE? Mainstream English? Explain. How might the above recommendations...

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“Bad English” in “Inner-Circle Settings” by Peterson

Analyze the article “Bad English” in “Inner-Circle Settings” by Elizabeth Peterson. According to Peterson, “Language is more than just a means of communicating. It is one of the most important and revealing social manifestations of who we are and where we come from. To criticize someone’s language assumes a position...

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Describing the Face of a Person

Describe the face of a person of your choice using objective and subjective language. Ask a friend, a roommate, or a family member to “sit” while you depict this person’s face in writing. Study this person’s face carefully before you begin. Pay close attention to shape, texture, light and shadow,...

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Analysis of Standard American English

What is Standard American English? Standard American English is especially helpful when writing because it maintains a fairly uniform standard of communication that can be understood by all speakers and users of English regardless of differences in dialect, pronunciation, and usage. This is why it is sometimes called Standard Written...

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A Teaching Element in the Swedish Language

If you were to add a teaching element in the Swedish Language, what would it be? Briefly explain which aspects of your digital competence text will touch. Describe a teaching element in the Swedish subject that includes these aspects of digital competence. Specify the age group, approach, and purpose of...

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Examining Potential Sources for Rhetorical Strategies

Examine two potential sources for rhetorical strategies (including elements such as ethos, logos, and pathos) and present your findings in a clear and organized way. A rhetorical analysis requires you to use critical reading skills to “break down” a piece of writing and examine the choices the writer has made....

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Developing Rhetorical Argumentative Strategies

Use any article, considering that you can develop good rhetorical argumentative strategies from it. Explain your assessment of the article: a topic (the article’s rhetorical strategies) and a comment (are those strategies effective, ineffective, a combination of both?) on the topic. Analyze the article’s strengths and weaknesses. Combine quotes from...

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Internal Changes and Language Development

Discuss how language can change and develop on its own. Analyze how internal changes and language development will be reviewed by examining the study of historical change and development depending on the development history of language. Does diachronic literally mean history calling? Evaluate internal and external language changes. What about...

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English Language Development Assessments and Strategies

Discuss English language development strategies. Choose an English Language Development (ELD) standard Emerging (beginning) stage. Develop a formative or summative assessment that aligns with the ELD standard chosen for each stage. Analyze SDAIE classroom strategies. Select appropriate strategies that prepare students for the assessments you created. What could contextual support...

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Applying Critical Skills to a Famous Speech

Apply your critical and public speaking skills to a famous speech of your choice. This assignment enables you to apply your critical skills to a famous speech. Select a famous speech you will watch and analyze using public speaking skills. Your analysis should discuss four things: the context of the...

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Responding to “My Strangled Speech” by Dan Slater

Discuss the topic of speech problem as it is presented in “Readings for Writers” by McCuen-Metherell and Winkler. Read: “Process Analysis,” including “My Strangled Speech” by Dan Slater; The punctuation Workshop on The Semicolon (;); “Bullied” by Gunnar Neuman in “Readings for Writers” by McCuen-Metherell and Winkler. Discuss the way...

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Analysis of “Language and the Making of Place” by Yi-Fu Tuan

Summarize and then analyze the reading “Language and the Making of Place: A Narrative-Descriptive Approach” by Yi-Fu Tuan. When analyzing, keep the following questions in mind: how did the writer construct their argument and narrative? Why did the writer make these choices? Then focus on your specific reaction to the...

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Lectal Continuum and Diglossia

Analyze the lectal continuum and diglossia. What is the difference between situations of a lectal continuum and diglossia? Are the two mutually exclusive? Are they unique for pidgins and/or creoles? Motivate your answer. In what way has the lectal continuum been interpreted as evidence of ongoing change in pidgin and...

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Reflecting on “The True Importance of Good Spelling” by Morrison

Reflect on the reading “The true importance of good spelling” by Lennox Morrison. Does this reading change your previous opinion or thoughts on the subject matter? Does this reading relate to the real world? How? Do you agree or disagree with the author’s arguments? Please refer to what the author’s...

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Using a Second Language for Communications in Bridge Operations

Discuss whether using a second language as the operational language has a detrimental effect on a crew’s situational awareness. Review the science around verbal communication, issues around the use of language, and communication in second languages. This can be from any area, not just maritime (just a general overview of...

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How to Write a Biography in a Narrative Tone

How would you write your biography in a narrative tone? The biography should include an introductory part narrate about the birth and early life memories from the mother, events in childhood, episodes from the education stage, the beginning of the career and family life, and events of further life.

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A Sentence Outline of “Our Blind Spot About Guns” by Kristof

Provide a sentence outline of “Our Blind Spot About Guns” by Nicholas Kristof. What is the thesis sentence or main idea? Find a quote that presents the introduction of the author’s evidence and a quote that presents the introduction of the author’s writing strategy. Respond to the author and position...

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The Variety of Varieties of English One Encounter

Discuss the various varieties of English you encounter in your everyday life. Who speaks English in a rather different way? A colleague? A shop-keeper? A teacher? Listen actively and jot down any examples you hear or remember of colorful idioms, slang, individual words, and borrowings from other languages. You are...

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Two Haikus Related to Any Aspect of Nature

Propose two haikus related to any aspect of Nature and your recognition of those elements as belonging to Nature. Make sure you are using your space efficiently and adhering to the syllabic limitations of each line, as shown in the examples. The poems do not have to rhyme. Combine elements...

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Using a Second Language for Communications in Bridge Operations

Can you describe some issues related to using a second language for primary communications in bridge operations? Review the science around verbal communication, issues around the use of language, and communication in second languages. This can be from any area, not just maritime. Narrow this down to a more specific...

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An Informative Speech to Show How Something Works

Discuss how you would write an informative speech. There are numerous concepts that we encounter that make us curious. Select a topic such as this – not a demonstration speech, but you can tell us how something works. Creativity is a must! Instead of selecting “how a tornado is formed,”...

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How to Write an Essay on a “Meaningful” Experience

How would you write a narrative essay to convey a “meaningful” experience? The narrative is a personal story that the writer thinks readers will find interesting; this means the writing should convey an experience that’s not only personal but also significant to the reader. Use one of these topics to...

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“Primal Vocal Communication and the Evolution of Speech” by J. Fischer

Analyze the “Primal Vocal Communication and the Evolution of Speech” article by J. Fischer. What is the focus of J. Fischer’s “Primal Vocal Communication and the Evolution of Speech”? Provide several key points to support the argument. Discuss a variety of sub-components, including the creation of a conventionalized signaling system...

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How to Prepare a Special Occasion Speech

Show how you would prepare a speech appropriate for a special occasion. Choose from the following types: commemorative address, dedication, eulogy, farewell, a speech of acceptance, a speech of nomination, and a speech of tribute. The subject of your speech can be a friend, family member, classmate, or famous person,...

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How to Compare and Contrast Two Things or Ideas

Compare and contrast two things or ideas. Focus on the ways in which certain things or ideas— two of them—are similar to (this is the comparison) or different from (this is the contrast) one another. Make connections between texts or ideas engage in critical thinking, and go beyond mere description...

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Radio Ambulante Podcast Stories About Bilinguals in the US

Propose a podcast in which you reflect on a personal experience or that of another person you know personally. Imagine that Radio Ambulante is looking for stories to include in its podcast. He wants to hear the stories and voices of his listeners, of the young people who navigate and...

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In What Ways Is War the Result of a Breakdown in Language?

“War is what happens when language fails.” – Margaret Atwood, from “The Robber Bride.” In what ways is war the result of a breakdown in language? Think about the statement carefully. In what ways is war the result of a breakdown in language? Explain why conflicts are often based on...

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Discuss speech sound disorders (SSD) in terms of the 2 major categories (NOT organic or functional). Review 3 treatment strategies or techniques for each.

Speech Sound Disorders (SSD) influence speech sounds while talking, thus impacting the speaker’s intelligibility. SSD can be categorized in different ways; one of the critical categorizations of SSD is based on the absence or absence of speech sound errors. Concerning such classification, SSD can be organized into either Phonological Disorder...

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Discuss the history of the development of the Arabic language.

The history of the development of the Arabic language goes back a long way. Until the 6th century AD, Arabic remained a commonly spoken language, however, in order to be able to write Arab nationals had to use a foreign script of Greek, Nabatean, or Sabaean. Additionally, the language of...

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Consider the following dataset that contains words with the negative prefix in-/im-. Identify the underlying form of the prefix and propose a rule that explains phonological alternation between the nasals. Please explain your choice of the underlying form, environment and rule. Remember to give both a verbal statement and feature notation for the rule. Hint: a morpheme boundary between a prefix and a stem can be shown with the + sign. Inaccurate, inedible, indefinite, intolerant, insufficient, informal, invisible, imbalanced, impossible, immortal. Rewrite the rule that you proposed using Feature Geometric notation. Explain any difference in the way you specify segments with features. Explain what features are delinked, linked or spread. What results does you rule predict for cases with nasals before [k] or [g]?

in-/im- is an assimilation form of prefix with a phonological change due to the following consonant. In words with the prefix in-/im-, the prefix’s final sound becomes the root’s first sound as if the articulation of the two words is close. The rules of the use of in-/im- require the...

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Please respond to the following scenario: While reading the newspaper, you find an article that misrepresents the industry in which you work. You decide to write a letter to the editor requesting they correct their mistake. What purpose and audience is your focus for this scenario? What considerations in terms of tone and structure should you consider when planning this content? What aspects of the writing process will you implement to succeed in this scenario? What concerns you might have about your own ability to respond in this given scenario?

The purpose of the letter will be an attempt to influence the opinion of the editorial board and inform it about the existing error. The letter audience is an editorial team, so the letter tone is also clear and formal. To succeed in this scenario, I will write a letter...

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Explain assignment of primary stress in the words below using the rules. Comment on specific rules that explain stress in the word alchemy as well as stress in the words derived from it. Stressed syllables are capitalized: AL.che.my; AL.che.mist; al.CHE.mic; al.CHE.mi.cal; al.che.MIS.tic.

The pronunciation of compound words and stress in English has a rule that indicates that the focus is on one of the syllables of the root word. However, the practice of compound scientific words breaks down the law. For example, the word “alchemy” has three syllables divided into al-che-my, with...

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Please respond to the following scenario: You are in an English course, and your instructor assigns a 10-page research assignment that must include scholarly sources. What purpose and audience is your focus for this scenario? What considerations in terms of tone and structure should you consider when planning this content? What aspects of the writing process will you implement to succeed in this scenario? What concerns you might have about your own ability to respond in this given scenario?

The purpose of the writing required in this scenario is to research the topic chosen by the professor. The audience is the professor and other students who are taking the course together with me. It is required to use the third person in such assignments, and the tone should be...

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Please respond to the following scenario: You are enrolled in a history course, and your instructor administers an essay exam. What purpose and audience is your focus for this scenario? What considerations in terms of tone and structure should you consider when planning this content? What aspects of the writing process will you implement to succeed in this scenario? What concerns you might have about your own ability to respond in this given scenario?

The purpose of this writing is to reveal this historical topic, presenting a description and interpretation of events. The audience of this paper is a professor and fellow students; therefore, the tone will be clear and official, and the structure is standard, consisting of an introduction, the main body of...

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Discuss stem changes in the Spanish language.

Stem changing verbs are a group of verbs that undergo a vowel change in the last syllable after a conjugation. In Spanish, the stem-changing verbs resemble the regular verbs but need a replacement of the stem after a conjugation. For instance, verbs like Querer changes to Quiero after conjugation. Therefore,...

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Discuss the difference between ser and estar.

Ser and estar are “to be” verbs which bring about more significant confusion on the best strategies to use them. Ser is a particular verb that talks about permanent states, whereas estar outlines temporary conditions. People mainly use ser verbs to describe personal attributes, occupations, time, characteristics, relationships, and place...

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Discuss direct object nouns and pronouns in the Spanish language.

The direct item noun refers to an object that receives an act of the transitive verb. Contrary, unswerving object pronouns refer to the words that replace a straightforward thing (noun) that gets a deed of a verb. Like replacing the subject noun with the subject pronouns, the direct object pronouns...

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Discuss the features of the calendar in Spanish.

People utilize the layout [Day/Month/Year] translated into [Dia/Mes/Ano] to write dates in Spanish. Unlike in English, the Spanish dates note the day first and rephrase them when saying them into a sentence. Communication of the past periods in Spanish calls a person to utilize the past tense of Ser in...

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Discuss question words in the Spanish language.

The Spanish Language promotes question words or interrogative terms to gather essential data on any given topic. All the Spanish question marks contain an accent mark preceded by an inverted question mark. For instance, question word ¿Cuándo? (when?) can formulate a question like “¿Cuándo vienes?” meaning “when are you coming?”...

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Discuss verbs in the Spanish language.

The Spanish language has a rich inflection on the verbs. Indeed, the Spanish verbs form an integral part of Spanish grammar. All the base verbs in the Spanish language contain different inflectional ends depending on the action’s time and the doer. Mainly, “-ar,” “-er,” and “-ir” form the three major...

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Discuss the tener idioms in the Spanish language.

The verb tener in the Spanish language means “to have.” However, people use the verb to form idiomatic expressions. Spanish speakers use tener phrases to express emotions and their state of being. Some of the common words include “tengo que salir” (I have to leave) and “tener que,” which come...

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Discuss present progressive tense in the Spanish language.

The Spanish language promotes the use of present progressive tense to talk of events happening currently. The users form the present progressive tense by using the verb estar in conjunction with a present participle. Hence, the Spanish speakers cannot use present progressive tense to describe the past or future events.

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Do you feel play has a place in supporting literacy development in early childhood? Explain why or why not.

To start with, playing has an important place in supporting early literacy by exposing children to situations in which they understand how well-developed oral language skills promote cooperation and self-expression in human society. Young learners intuitively realize that interpersonal communication provides the foundation for literacy and find first-hand experiences related...

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Vocabulary is an important part of English language arts instruction. When planning your English language arts unit, how will you ensure you teach vocabulary explicitly to your young learners?

To ensure explicit vocabulary instruction whenplanning lessons for my culturally diverse pre-kindergarten-age students, I will make use of instructional strategies that promote age-appropriate explanations and the provision of contextual information. Firstly, I will structure vocabulary acquisition activities in a way to introduce children to the phenomenon of homonyms. As part...

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What do I know about academic context?

A context is a relatively complete passage of a text or spoken language within which the meaning of a separate word, phrase, or set of phrases is most accurately and concretely revealed. The academic context is characterized by accuracy and concreteness, lack of imagery, pronounced literary techniques, and methods. Any...

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What do instructors and your peers look for in your posts and your essays?

Instructors and peers look for the following aspects and moments in the posts and essays. First of all, an essential detail for them is the correspondence of the text to a particular style, context, and the presence of critical relevant standards. Secondly, another important criterion worth paying attention to is...

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How do you set up an essay? Organize a discussion post?

When setting up an essay and organizing a discussion post, one should follow some principles. When writing an essay, one should consider its individual and free composition, small volume, and concretization. Any essay examines a particular topic or question in-depth and expresses the author’s thoughts, feelings, worldview, and impressions on...

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Explain the difference between academic language and social English.

Social English is the language that is used in daily communication. It can be in oral or written forms. It is used by students when they are speaking with their friends in the school van and socializing on the playground. Teachers and students can use social English when they are...

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Look at your state standards for kindergarten of California. Choose one standard that directly aligns with phonemic awareness skills and one with phonological awareness skills.

The California Common Core State Standards for kindergarten contain multiple requirements connected with oral language and reading skills. One standard that emphasizes phonemic awareness in kindergartners is Phonics and Word Recognition 3b. According to it, children are to “associate the long and short sounds with common spellings for the five...

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What role should a Speech-Language Pathologist take in the classroom? Should SLPs also be trained in teaching methods? How can a teacher help integrate the SLP in the classroom?

Speech-language pathology serves to establish a person’s communication abilities. One role that should be played by a speech-language pathologist is that of identifying students who may need assessment pertaining to speech disorders. Through screenings and referrals, a speech-language pathologist should be able to determine, among the students, who may need...

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What is the difference between identifying children as dual-language learners and identifying them as English-language learners? Why is this important? Which approach do you think is more effective? How will you support all children?

Identifying children as dual-language learners and English-language learners is crucial for their education. Dual-language learners are those for whom English is a second language. Because of this, it may be difficult for them to understand a teacher’s instructions and socialize with their peers. To better incorporate them into the classroom,...

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In your experience, what is the value of teacher recasts? You may consider your experience as a teacher, as an L2 learner, or as a current student. If you cannot recall the use of recasts in these contexts, evaluate the use of recasts hypothetically.

Recasts are implicit corrective feedbacks offered by L2 teachers aimed at improving the learners’ language acquisition. When a student makes ungrammatical statements, and the teacher immediately reacts with a corrected form of the statement, the child may recognize the teacher’s form as the correct one. For example, when I heard...

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Vygotsky wrote: “through others, we become ourselves.” Outline your understanding of this assertion, and explore how it might be applied in a language classroom.

The saying, ‘through others, we become ourselves’ as used by Vygotsky, describes the happenings beyond our knowledge or control. He refers to the external forces that mould us and determine how we finally turn out to be. The tools of this exterior system are vital to the development of consciousness,...

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Discuss, using appropriate examples, the advantages, and disadvantages of English orthography and strategies that may help learners overcome the disadvantage considering opinion Hanley.

Every language has its unique writing system with a certain degree of complexity. According to Hanley, English has a complicated orthography that causes difficulties for language learners. Indeed, the writing system of this language has changed a lot over time and is characterized by a significant number of spelling rules...

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After taking the Harvard Dialect Survey quiz, reflect back on what sociocultural influences have affected your dialect. What does the way you speak say about where you’re from?

According to the results of the dialect quiz based on the Harvard Dialect Survey, New York (New York), Anaheim (California), and Aurora (Colorado) were identified as the most probable regions of my residence. Despite the distances between these locations, the quiz results state that dialects specific to populations inhabiting these...

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Review the theories put forth by the linguists Skinner, Chomsky, Bloom, Tomasello. Choose two theorists from above and discuss one strength and one weakness of each theory. Articulate your own theory of linguistic development and support it with scholarly resource.

Despite a plethora of psychological, behavioral, neurological, anthropological, and linguistic studies of language acquisition, this process has not been exhaustively elucidated so far. Bloom explained language acquisition from the semantic-cognitive perspective; Tomasello construes language learning regarding interactions between humans. Chomsky’s nativist approach and Skinner’s behaviorism-based theory are milestone concepts of...

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For each of the following expressions, determine whether it is a ‘word’ on (i) orthographical and (ii) grammatical grounds, then (iii) discuss whether it is a lexeme. In each case, explain your reasoning. a. United Kingdom b. six o’clock c. ouch d. lip balm e. non-contributory

The present question presupposes the transition to another level of language, namely to the word level of English. To start with, it is necessary to define the very notion of the word as such and consider it in its numerous aspects. However, it is not an easy task as far...

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Define the term regular polysemy and demonstrate whether or not the relation between the senses of the bold words in (a) and (b) is a regular relation. Be sure to describe the senses of (a) and (b) first, before going on to explore the polysemy of semantically similar words. If you find that it is not a completely regular relation, discuss any reasons you can see for the limits on the pattern.а.The Smiths keep a pet turkey. в.We had turkey for Christmas dinner.

Relations between human beings within society are numerous and rather diverse. However, what unites all these kinds of relations and social co-operations is the uniform and overall necessity to use language for them. As far as the above-mentioned diverse character of the social relations is under discussion, the words acquire...

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Think of a You-language statement that you find yourself using when you communicate with a friend, family member, or romantic partner. Compose a well-developed paragraph that explains the situation in which you have used this You-language message. Consider how you would translate this You-language statement into an I-language message. Explain your I-language message and what benefits you acquired.

Children, especially growing ones constantly need to be told what and what not to do, which they very often hate. Here is a regular morning episode between a close friend of mine and her son while she awoke him for school. Here’s what generally followed: “You never get up on...

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Summarize the theory behind linguistic determinism.

Linguistic determines derives from the assumption that there is nothing in thinking other than language and it determines and shapes the contours of thought and discursively constructs objective reality which is perceived through it. Among the first who put forward the theory which can be described as linguistic determinism one...

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What are the key stages of teaching rhyming?

Teaching rhyming to children should start with helping children recognize rhymes when listening to word pairs. Afterward, exercises for identifying rhymes and, eventually, producing them should be incorporated into the curriculum.

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Why is teaching children rhyming words important?

Rhymes help children do develop a sense of how the language works. Moreover, rhymes will help children make predictions about the words that may come next, which is crucial in developing early reading skills and creating phonemic awareness.

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Compare and contrast phonemic awareness and phonics.

Although the concepts of phonemic awareness and phonics are often conflated, the two are, in fact, different notions. Phonics explains the difference between how a word sounds and the way in which it is written, allowing learners to recognize the basic rules of word building. In turn, phonetic awareness does...

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For each of the following twelve pairs of words, choose one of the following (bold) terms which best describes the lexical semantic relationship between the two words: synonymy, antonymy (complementary, contrary, or converse), polysemy, homonymy. 1. asleep : awake; 2. hate : detest; 3. light : heavy; 4. hammer (noun) : hammer (verb); 5. aunt : niece; 6. right : write; 7. present : absent; 8. movie : film; 9. cheerful : miserable; 10. crane (bird) : crane (machine); 11. purchase : sell; 12. flat (land) : flat (music note).

Locating the relationships between word pairs is an important exercise in exploring existing linguistic categories. Typically represented as a dichotomy, the specified relationships shed light on the nature of individual semantic functions of a certain word, as well as detailing its possible origins and changes in usage. Therefore, understanding how...

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For the following ten sentences, identify all the noun phrases (NPs) as either core arguments (subject, direct object, indirect object), oblique arguments or oblique adjuncts. 1. The pilot flew the plane. 2. The plane was flown by the pilot. 3. A rock smashed the glass. 4. Noah smashed the glass with a rock. 5. My boss assigned me an important task. 6. My boss assigned an important task to me. 7. The cleaner laid the blanket on the bed. 8. The cleaner dropped the blanket on the bed. 9. They played football for three days. 10. They washed the dishes for their mother one day.

The pilot flew the plane.The specified sentence contains an argument with a subject in the noun phrase (NP), ‘The pilot flew.’ The core argument is also expressed via the use of the direct object, ‘the plane.’ Therefore, the NP in question contains a core argument. The NP, ‘flew the plane,’...

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Defining Phonological Terms

Contrastive distribution is a relationship between two different elements in phonology, in which the substitution of a component with another leads to changes in semantic meaning. In other words, if two sounds in a language in the same contexts produce different meanings, it is a contrastive distribution. For instance, the...

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What are some linguistic milestones for early childhood?

By the end of the first year of life, a baby should recognize his/her name. The child should also be in a position to understand simple instructions and appreciate words as symbols for things. As part of speech development, the child should be able to imitate popular sounds. By the...

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List the bound morphemes in these words: misleads, previewer, fearlessly, shortening.

The concept of a bound morpheme is fairly simple; according to the existing definition, a bound morpheme is a unit of meaning that cannot be explored outside of the context of the word that it comprises: exchange (“ex-”), promote (“pro-”), particle (“-icle”). However, in some cases, roots may also represent...

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Why Was the Yellow Wallpaper Written?

Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote the novel to make the readers think about the social roles they present. She wanted to draw attention to women’s oppression. The author is determined to prevent people from becoming insane under such pressure. She aims to arise impatience and courage. More Information The motive for...

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In this age of electronic communications such as cell phones, text messaging, and e-mail, what is the role of formal writing? How do digital communication methods influence the writing process?

Effective communication is crucial in the business world, and technological advancements have made it simpler and more comfortable. Writing is one way in which communication is done, though its use has reduced significantly in the recent past. People now prefer to use telephones, text messages, and e-mails to communicate for...

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