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It is crucial to mention that in the United States, there was an upsurge in the youth movement. This indicated that young people were becoming a fundamental social and political force. The main motive that brought the various youth groups together and encouraged them to oppose the public system was...
This societal permeation is profound, showing itself in the religious beliefs of the enslavers. According to Douglas, such enslavers are harsher, as he recounts the instances of constant abuse and whipping of the enslaved people by Weeden and Hopkins. They justify their superiority and mistreatment by misguided religious opinions, believing...
Slavery was an all-encompassing institution, perpetuating the views and behavioral patterns towards the enslaved people beyond the slave-owning households. In Douglas’s book, it is most prominently seen in the example of white workers’ behavior toward Black employees in Baltimore’s trade industry. White workers used violent tactics on Douglas, making him...
As the enslaved people started to gain some realization of their condition and abuse or even without realizing it, they employed different methods of resistance to their captors. Some ways are more subtle than, for example, Douglas fighting back physically against Convey’s attack and gruesome abuse. However, Douglas’ thought process...
The Narrative of the Life written by Frederick Douglass depicts the experiences of enslaved Black people, revealing how the oppression was perpetuated. Douglas concluded that one of the tools of enslavement was denying access to knowledge. At first, it may seem like there may be no sufficient resources or willingness...
The war officially began after the USS Maddox was attacked by North Vietnamese boats in the area of the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964. One year later, President Johnson launched a three-year Operation Rolling Thunder involving the continuous bombing of various North Vietnam targets. In 1965, more than 200 Americans...
The primary cause of the Vietnam War was the spreading of communism throughout Southeast Asia. North Vietnam, supported by China and the USSR, was controlled by the communist authorities who fought against South Vietnam supported by the United States. In order to prevent the advancements of the North Vietnamese further...
Hillyer focuses on the recent judicial case Landman v. Royster, which is connected with the civil rights struggle in Virginia. It is possible to make parallels between the fight for civil rights from the colonial era until recent times, which shows that this topic is connected with the discussed theme....
According to popular view from the movie Amistad, the Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery’s moral wrongdoing. Economic and political power over slavery were at the center of this conflict. State sovereignty was a prominent topic of debate at the time. So that they could repeal federal...
Major reform movements in the 1800s vouched for child labor abolition, women’s suffrage, prison reforms, and temperance. These movements resulted from the Second Great Awakening, religious faith in the 1800s; the two major reforms were the women’s rights movement, and the abolitionist movement. The Abolitionist reform was the most powerful;...
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, a political concept known as Jacksonian democracy was popular in the United States. White men above the age of 21 were eligible for suffrage as a result. Several federal agencies were also restructured as a result. President Andrew Jackson was the leader of...
Many of the more popular texts will focus on the misunderstanding of the terms “Federalists” and “Anti-Federalists”. The major objective of the Federalists was the concentration of power in the “Federal City”, not “federalism” in the classical sense (think Switzerland). Luther Martin, Maryland’s representative to the Constitutional Convention, encapsulated the...
Humanism and scholarship have roots in many different cultures around the world. The academic study that a scholar conducts using a variety of approaches and disciplines is known as scholarship. Humanism, on the other hand, is an educational philosophy and mode of inquiry that began in northern Italy in the...
The study of the evolution of women’s rights and equality across time is a component of women’s history. Women had various responsibilities, fairness, and established regulations in every culture, society, and civilization. Women’s significance in history cannot be contested, regardless of the nation or social system in which a person...
The associations of trade across societies, and their effects on the history of the world, are examined in a period of accelerating association. The business of goods across public institutions in distinct environmental zones has been a notable aspect of humanity’s collective experiences. Each natural zone contributes different elements, such...
By 1863, the Civil War’s course had changed, and it began to assume the attributes of total war. Total war is a war in which armies try to demoralize the other side by attacking its military targets as well as undermining its ability to fight by destroying its resources. The...
When it comes to westward expansion, the most common myth prevailing in the minds of common people for decades seems to be the one that Native Americans were the threat that needed to be eradicated. However, a more reasonable perspective on that would be that it is the pioneers who...
Given that the Radicals disagreed with Johnson’s policies, a Republican-controlled Congress attempted to remove him in any possible way. The Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional because it violated a longstanding principle that a president has the authority to choose who serves in their cabinet. Hence, I would not support...
I suppose that the removal of the head of the state would inevitably cause political fluctuations in the country in the long run. The primary reason is the possible turmoil in terms of gaining the power of a president, given that the process and methods were not as established and...
Although Johnson’s impeachment has been depicted as a jaded, politically biased putsch, the documents of the time show a rich constitutional discussion over the prerequisites of a conservative government and the role of the President inside it. There was a distinct constitutional dialogue to rally political backing for their causes,...
When Johnson broke the Tenure of Office Act by trying to remove Stanton from the cabinet, he gained political condemnation that started the impeachment hearings against the President. In 1867, Congress overrode Johnson’s veto and passed the Tenure of Office Act, which asserted that a head of state could not...
After the American Civil War, political strife and ideological rupture led to President Andrew Johnson’s removal from office. It arose from unwavering beliefs and a power struggle in a country on the verge of reunification. Before his assassination, Lincoln had devised a plan for reconstruction that could be permissive towards...
The Wounded Knee was initially believed to be a combat, but it was actually a horrific and preventable massacre. This is because it was highly questionable that the Big Foot’s band would provoke a fight considering they were encircled by heavily armed forces. Besides, certain historians believe the 7th Cavalry’s...
Indeed, the New Deal was critical in easing the consequences of the Great Depression. The initiatives involved in the New Deal aided those suffering from the effects of the depression in the short run. However, they established a pattern for the federal government to assume a significant role in the...
The expansion was the basis of the United States’ foreign policy from 1890 to 1920. Following two disastrous economic downturns, US foreign policymakers shifted their priority to seeking overseas markets to absorb excess commodities. Today, the basis of the United States’ foreign policy is national security. The safety of the...
Both Influenza and COVID-19 cause certain similar signs and symptoms in infected individuals, including breathing difficulty, cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue, and runny nose. Influenza and COVID-19 are both conditions that infect the respiratory system. For both conditions, the incubation period can be one or more days. In other words,...
The Gilded Age experienced significant industrial and economic development owing to technological advancements in the method of transport and industrialization. The growth of the railroad led to the emergence of many rail companies, which resulted in an increase in wealth among a few corrupt individuals and immigration from Europe. Politics...
The old South was largely agrarian, and its economy was primarily based on crops like cotton that had low market prices. The American Civil War devastated the economy of the South, leading to the development of the word New South in 1874. This is where the southerners envisaged an economic...
Black codes were stringent rules aimed to restrict the liberty of African Americans and secure their existence as an affordable labor force after slavery was outlawed after the Civil War. However, the Union triumph granted approximately four million enslaved individuals their liberation, and the subject of freed Black people’s place...
In the stormy years after the Civil War, the endeavor to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and four million newly liberated individuals into the United States was known as Reconstruction. The new southern state legislatures created draconian “Black Codes” during the regime of President Andrew Johnson in 1865 and...
The American Civil War started in 1861, after years of growing tensions involving the northern and southern states around slavery, states’ sovereignty, and expansionism of the West. After Abraham Lincoln’s victory in 1860, seven southern states seceded to create the Confederate States of America; four additional states quickly followed. As...
Jackson served as president from 1829 to 1837 and was known for having an assertive will and confrontational and aggressive demeanor throughout his career. The reactions to his leadership were mixed during his time in office. His admirers describe him as a populist hero who critiqued the political foundation and...
“Indian Sports Days”, staged during holiday celebrations, featured soccer, lacrosse, and baseball; others were summoned to fall festivals by organizers to participate in separate all-Native tournaments and add a touch of uniqueness to the festivities. Indigenous peoples, on the other hand, utilized these athletic events and the opportunity they provided...
The 9/11 event exposed some of the challenges affecting border peoples, particularly across the U.S. – west coast border. Miller Bruce delves into the situations observed after 9/11 in line with relationships between America and bordering communities, linking them to colonialism. To assist public policy, this redesigned zone primarily concentrates...
The interaction between indigenous and environmental histories provides an effective channel through which the effects of colonialism on individuals and their resources can be understood. Indigenous communities depended on the environment for their upkeep before colonialism. Opportunities include education and infrastructural development, which greatly benefited indigenous communities, as shown by...
In history, interactions between communities have been shown to change over time, impacting their socio-cultural and economic developments. Miller undertakes a study on the history of Aboriginals in Canada, where He answers his question by indicating that history teaches us how collaboration and conflict affect people’s well-being. He discovers that...
Historic signs have been used to tell stories about a people’s culture, although concealing some elements of the past. Hammond analyzes these plaques and reveals that although they sit on indigenous sites, the histories behind such have been erased by the signposts that are used to show a positive side...
Literature provides an effective means of informing the public about historical events. Professor Allan Downey grew up within a community characterized by inherent discrimination against Aboriginal people. This way, he gained a deeper insight into the issues affecting indigenous communities. His scholarly writing skills were developed from his learning experiences,...
The TRC recommendations have been emphasized on several occasions calling upon the Canadian government and key stakeholders to implement them for a better future. In a review of the Aboriginals’ history, Peers and Coutts comment that educators and historians are asked to learn from the past and shape the education...
The Harper apology in 2008, as well as the TRC’s subsequent conclusions, revealed in 2015, provided sufficient opportunity for Canadians to reflect on their broken relationship with the Aboriginals. After years of discrimination at the residential schools, the Canadian government was set to compensate the affected individuals and document the...
While activism was on the rise, aboriginals campaigned for a better address to their problems through demonstrations and strikes. The Idle No More movement was established by aboriginal women as a continuation of ongoing protest movements to give weight to the matters at hand. Belshaw records that although the movement...
The three-hundred-year history of Kanesatake and Oka reflects a period characterized by a series of protests by the indigenous people. Historian often refers to this period as the Oka crisis. The battle arose from the plan to expand private golf to the disputed land by the village of Oka. Mohawk...
Confrontations and protests were common events, especially in the last decades of the 20th century. Belanger and Lackenbauer claim that protection and blockages resulted from Canada’s failure to resolve and address legitimate concerns of the First Nations. Some sections of the primary resource also indicate that the protests and confrontations...
The media published and reported the confrontations between indigenous people and the Canadian government. The media reports created sympathy that inspired First Nation populations to join the protests in large numbers. They also assisted in creating public awareness of events such as the Oka crisis, Burnt Church, Ipperwash, and Gustafsen....
George Manuel’s idea of the “Fourth World” revolves around issues affecting small and colonized indigenous communities or population segments worldwide. He pursued the idea of funding studies relating to indigenous people, leading to the establishment of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples in the mid-1970s. His contribution to intellectual reasoning...
Armed protests and blockages were apparent in the last decades of the 20th century due to feelings of discontent among the First Nations. Before the armed protests, indigenous people tried other means such as negotiations and courts to fight for their rights. However, indigenous people felt that the Canadian government...
The Delgamuukw case remains significant in Canadian history because it reinforced Aboriginal rights and affirmed the validity of oral history. Contradicting Allan McEachern’s decision in 1991, the Canadian Supreme Court validated oral history and elucidated laws on the Aboriginal title. According to Supreme Court, oral history offers ancient facts equally...
The protesters moved to court to seek legal protection and challenge colonialism exacerbated against them. The courts had made landmark rulings that restored their confidence in the litigation process. For example, the Nisga’a First Nation of the British won a determination in the Supreme Court of Canada, which affirmed that...
The agendas of the National Indian Brotherhood, The Union of BC Indian Chiefs, and the Assembly of First Nations evolved from the political crisis created by the release of the White Paper. It triggered a political response geared towards changing political segregation. However, the National Indian Brotherhood broke away from...
The 1969 White Paper led to a political crisis because the indigenous groups opposed the document arguing that it ignored their concerns and that assimilation was not the only way to attain equity. As a result, indigenous people reinvigorated several existing native organizations. Some groups pursued policy reforms, while others...
The White Paper of 1969 had various goals that focused on strengthening equity among the indigenous groups in Canada. The first goal was to end the Indian status and assimilate them as one of the groups of the Canadian population. The second goal was to close the Department of Indian...
Ottawa’s enfranchising of the status Indians did not mean to help them become full citizens but reduced federal obligations. He targeted this elite population because they could shoulder certain obligations and help the colonial state’s administration. Enfranchising covered indigenous people perceived to be carrying out medicine legitimately, clergymen, and lawyers...
The post-war period witnessed advanced changes that were life-changing to the wellness of the indigenous people. In 1946, the Special Joint Committee allowed the indigenous people’s leaders to air their concerns that would later provide avenues for agitating for their rights. The 1957 election of the conservative government laid the...
Despite several options for the indigenous people to stage a resistance, the administration ensured it seized the avenues. Section 141 of the Indian Act outlawed the indigenous population from raising funds meant to challenge the federal government in a court of law. Unfortunately, Ottawa added strict policies meant to bar...
Understanding indigenous women from a historical perspective necessitates extensive research on their origins, roles, and social significance. It shows the courage, warriors, and perseverance of the ladies who have overcome significant adversity and still stand strong and share wonderful cultural transmission stories. Indigenous women’s literature exposes everyday racist experiences profoundly...
According to Elsie Paul’s book, individuals have boundless capacities, and human growth is severely limited when people’s roles are defined based on their sex. Women have traditionally had minimal legal rights and opportunities in the workplace to men. In the twentieth century, the most important occupations for women were wifehood...
Indigenous peoples confront systemic prejudice and marginalization from economic and political power and the likelihood of being overrepresented among the poor, illiterate, and destitute. Wars and natural calamities displace them, and indigenous women are subjected to violence and humiliation as a means of ethnic cleansing and communal demoralization. Indigenous women...
Thorpe’s research examines how historical narratives and power relationships influence the present, focusing on the origins and heritage of, and obstacles to, colonial rule in the Canadian context. Thorpe shows that the legacy of residential schools is also shaped by gender. Indigenous feminist scholars like Thorpe use evidence from the...
The Indian Homemakers’ Association of British Columbia (IHABC) was a non-profit organization created by Indian women to enhance the quality of life in First Nations communities. The organization’s purpose was to provide suitable facilities on reserves, facilitate training opportunities, and provide women and Aboriginal peoples with political acknowledgment. Its goal...
According to Trimble, Barman, Sangster, Erickson, and bailey, indigenous women have been perceived as illiterate and of low value. They were expected to obey and submit to all requirements of the household. Indigenous women were viewed as objects to display and serve since they were in no position to work....
Indigenous women’s experiences and actions throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries show both variety and change. They also emphasize historical resilience and continuity. Indigenous women have maintained and developed a female voice in Indigenous governance. Indigenous women have gradually re-emerged in positions of power and influence, most notably in the...
Victorian society had stopped considering women as contributors to political history. In treaty discussions, Canadians considered Indigenous women outsiders, and they were barred from federal recognition leadership roles in their communities. The image of Indigenous women was regulated through political arenas, which effectively restructured pre-contact socio-political processes. The legal systems...
At both the international and local levels, indigenous women’s rights remain a complex and often overlooked topic. Because of their intersecting identities, which make them more susceptible than other groups in society, indigenous women are unequally victimized by violence and discrimination. Poverty, historical isolation, and prejudice have contributed to Indigenous...
The core objective of Bill C-31 was to achieve gender equality in the transference of Indian status by establishing a norm free of sex-based disparities. Non-Indian women who married non-Indian men no longer lost their situation, and Indian women who lost their position through getting married to a non-Indian man...
The Indian Act had a significant impact on indigenous women’s identity. It took away women’s right to own marital property. A woman could not remain in the marital home if her husband divorced her. Furthermore, the Act was amended to enable men to leave their wives’ marital assets in their...
According to the biographies of Amelia Connolly Douglas and Marguerite Waddens, indigenous women were encouraged to marry fur traders to secure financial resources. These marriages were intended to promote trade between the woman’s relatives and the trader and provide mutual aid in times of need. This implied that by getting...
The structure of men’s and women’s work at canneries differed. Although most industries then were dominated by males, women assisted in administering forest plantations and reaping on their farmlands. Before factories, dairy product manufacturing (milk, butter, cheese) and preserving were essential aspects of female farm labor. The fishing industry and...
In terms of gender roles, there were various consistency and changes from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Women were viewed as things instead of people who should stay at home since they could not be trusted to work. However, a man’s role was to provide for his household as the...
Indigenous women’s status varies from one society to the next and from one location to another. Despite this, their interests frequently overlap due to their indigenous identity. However, some factors hinder our ability to trace indigenous women’s history. These factors include scarcity of land and resources and ecosystem depletion. Due...
Bradford and Horton establish a significant change in the historical studies on Christianity and the encounters with indigenous communities. Christianity involved coercion of indigenous communities, but Christian groups changed their approach to peaceful coexistence over the last fifty years despite cultural diversity. There is a significant evolutionary aspect in the...
The Christianizing element is gendered based on the distinct roles of man and woman while appreciating the aspect of responsibilities. Although a significant percentage of the counterparts in Christianity believed in masculinity and femininity, a significant percentage of the personnel focused on the concept of intersecting core values of social...
The Secwépemc interpreted Oblate Catholicism as an oppressive concept that fostered discrimination in the community. The Oblate enshrines individuals associated with specific religious orders hence living based on the institutional regulations. The primary role of the oblates involved preaching justice and peace among the indigenous communities with affiliation and reference...
Peter Jones’ strategy and goal involved promoting Methodism with minimal resistance from the missionaries and the government. As a result, the counterpart joined the administration in conducting their duties and responsibilities while appealing to the conceptual baseline of harmonious living. In this case, Jones attained his goal of protecting his...
Saint Kateri’s story portrays the necessity of intersecting the socio-cultural values across the ethnic bounds of the interaction. As an indigenous community member, she sought the belief system and merged the concepts to enhance the significance of harmonious living. Although different sociological and religious practices establish the dynamic essence of...
The recasting of the story by James Taylor regarding Brebeuf fosters an in-depth focus on the concept of martyrdom. According to James Taylor, the in-depth assessment of Brebeuf featured that of a colonialist which alters the idea of his martyrdom status. The author indicates that it is the responsibility of...
There was a profoundly distinct platform through the residential schooling system for the Metis and the Inuit. The Metis enshrine the collection of cultural practices and domains from the European and Aboriginal sects into the formation of Canadian society. The Inuit are representative of the Arctic people within the Canadian...
The roots of the Sixties scoop engulfed the incorporation of regulations that contributed to the abolishing of the residential schooling system. In this case, the primary purpose was mobilizing the government representatives and indigenous community members to promote social equity and cultural diversity. As a result, the practice steered the...
The core legacy of the residential schooling system in Canada engulfed the attainment of the critical objective by the government to grab lands owned and inhabited by the indigenous communities. The schooling system fostered the alienation of the communities from the administrative functions hence facing optimal discriminatory practices. Therefore, the...
The involvement of the religious denominations in the funding of the residential school system enshrined a contribution to enhancing the indigenous community’s assimilation into Canadian society through education. A significant percentage of the religious groups focused on advocating for civilization to enhance a better living quotient despite the discrimination aspect...
The residential schools were funded from donations made by different religious groups, and provincial governments funded other residential schools. The residential school system encompassed a distinct cultural aspect from the schools funded and operated by the provinces. The main reason engulfed the regulatory demand to establish critical initiatives promoting an...
The Canadian government used Duncan Campbell Scott’s concept to enhance the effective assimilation of the indigenous community into western civilization. The personnel focused on the forced schooling aspect among the entities to render the evolutionary aspect with minimal regard to the adept concept of promoting a distributive social justice system....
The main goal of the schools involved offering education to the learners for the adoption of the civilized lifestyle and steering the abandonment of the traditional way of life. The transmission of cultural values involved the advocacy for westernized socio-cultural and belief systems. Therefore, the standardization of cultural practices attributed...
The primary purpose of the residential school system in Canadian society involved enhancing the assimilation of the communities into civilization. An excellent example encompassed the government’s focus on forcing indigenous communities to learn modern education and abolish the traditional practice. It is a practice that steered the cultural aspect of...
The Canadian regulations on the potlatch cultural tradition posed a distinctive effect in redistributing wealth and power across the region. The potlatch was a practice that enhanced the sharing of material possession among the people to alleviate the discriminatory nature of wealth accumulation. Therefore, the nature and purpose of the...
The Canadian government recognized the critical obligation to the indigenous communities enshrined subduing and oppressing the members to abandon their traditional heritage. As the indigenous communities, the Indo-Americans encountered profound challenges mainly because of the institutional governance system that focused on marginalizing the community for their traditional beliefs and practices....
The Indian Act was introduced to enhance the marginalization of the community and acquisition of authority regarding the significant exploitation of the resources from the ethnic group. The establishment of the Indian Act enshrined coercing the indigenous communities towards abandoning their beliefs and practices for modern civilization. The initiative was...
The indigenous communities sort missionaries mainly because of the dynamic benefits accrued from the engagement and founded relationship. The interdependence between the indigenous and the missionaries aptly contributed to the intensification of high-quality medical care services, education, and relief food. These entities attributed to the boosted quality of living among...
The Wendat response was dynamic towards the Recollet and the Jesuit mainly because of the nature of interaction and interference. On the one hand, the Recollet that preceded the Jesuit focused on the passive missionary movement. Therefore, the Recollet learned and lived according to the socio-cultural practices of the local...
The main agenda for the colonists was to transform the people into civilized Christians and make sure that they occupied their land and controlled natural resources. The indigenous communities resisted the colonists’ attempts to change their culture. They refused to adopt the colonists’ culture, which angered the colonists, and clashes...
Wicken suggests that to recast the conflict between the Acadians and the British. There is a need to revise the two treaties signed to consider every aspect of the conflict. For instance, before signing the first treaty, the British and the Acadians had not established a formal relationship; rather, the...
When the colonists arrived, they welcomed the natives into their settlements, and the new arrivals were willing to engage in trading activities with the indigenous people. Among the advantages the colonists brought to these lands was the transformation of the tribes of America through converting to civilized Christians; additionally, colonists...
The indigenous communities of the East Coast, such as the Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, and Onondaga from the Powhatan confederacy that is now Virginia through the Mi’kmaki English settlements resisted the colonists from every corner in the 17th century. The more the colonists desired land, the more they waged war against...
The central conflict was between the indigenous Americans, like the Iroquois, and the settlers from Europe, such as France. One of the main points of friction between the settlers and the indigenous people of America was issues related to land. The settlers were mainly interested in acquiring land from the...
During colonization, the Native Americans realized that they had to have good relations with the European settlers. The indigenous communities resisted the European settlers’ efforts to gain more of their land and control through diplomacy and warfare. The colonial powers initially viewed the native Americans as friendly and helpful, and...
During the mid-18th century, most indigenous people in America allied themselves with the British government to prevent and preserve their culture by stopping encroachment on their land. Most of the indigenous American tribes hoped that the British government would help relieve the pressure they had from the United States settlers...
During the 1812 war, most native Americans struggled to gain freedom and independence due to the slave trade. They became involved in the conflict of securing the support of the British in their war against settlers. They played a critical role in defending Canada and fighting for the British military...
For the Iroquois confederacy, the wars fought were not only for territorial or economic gains. The aggressive aspect of their cultures also helped society members deal with the deaths and mourning of loved ones. Accordingly, the Iroquois culture fought for spiritual and psychological healing following the loss in their ranks....
The term “The Great Dying” should not be attributed to an evolutionary stage in the development of life before the first humans but should be considered within the framework of European colonization of North American territories. Generally speaking, “The Great Dying” should be understood as a process of decline in...
The Ottoman Empire was once a strong transcontinental state, mostly located in the territory of modern Turkey. In fact, at its peak, the Ottoman Empire had subordinate lands in northern Africa as well as in the territories of present-day Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, the Persian Gulf regions, Hungary, Greece, and several other...
One of the most important historical periods in the development of North America was the New World Era. This name refers to the period of discovery and active exploration of the continent by Europeans in the fifteenth century. It was the age of the active historical rise of European empires,...