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The Vienna Circle – a group of scholars representing different branches of science – was a movement that was highly organized and even had its Manifesto. Among all other positivists, they were the most successful with integrating science into philosophy. Their ideas were made popular in educational circles in Vienna...
Logical positivism is a theory that advocates the reduction of all existing knowledge to purely scientific data that can be verified by logic, experiment, or observation. It is based on the idea that all the theories that do not have scientific validation are useless because things that cannot be observed...
There is no single opinion on what makes analytic philosophy stands out among the other philosophical schools. The clearest explanation was suggested by logical positivists and promoted the idea that only those theories that can be proved by logic or experiment have the right to exist. Thus, the main occupation...
Our minds are wired in a very specific way. From a very young age, we learn about the world by creating new associations and categorizing similar ideas and concepts together. For example, when a baby who dislikes broccoli sees green pistachio ice cream for the first time, it might be...
It is important to understand that American culture encourages its citizens to be more assertive and individualistic and puts less social pressure on the people to conform. As a result, Americans are more eager than some Europeans to voice their opinions and thoughts. On the one hand, this directness can...
The manager I used to work with within my previous job was definitely the best colleague I had. He was professional and maintained just the right distance so that everybody felt his support while not feeling like their personal space was invaded. He was a real servant leader and always...
The basic principles of any research are confidentiality, justice, and informed consent. When performing ethnographic research, following them can be problematic. The need to observe the subjects in a natural environment presents a true dilemma. If the people are informed of the research, that can affect their behavior and make...
Food waste has significant financial, environmental, and economic influences and consequences. The millions of tons of food waste impose an enormous cost on the community at large as it increases the cost of collection of litter. There is a direct relationship between waste disposal and greenhouse gas emission, which normally...
Different members of this household are busy working in different places. This means that they do not have adequate time to come home and cook. In addition, there may be only extremely few members in this household and, therefore, they find no need to cook all the time. Most of...
The decision-making process of the educator implies the implementation of thorough research. It is necessary to note that 20th-century education is characterized by the evidence-based approach. When doing any work (be it a doctorate paper or the plan for the educational philosophy paper), I have carried out detailed research on...
Integrity is one of the key principles that guide (or, at least, should guide) every educator. Educators have to comply with the professional code of ethics with specific attention to confidentiality as well as discretion. This will ensure rapport which is essential for the development of proper relationships with pupils....
To be an effective educator, I plan to be a lifelong learner who pays attention to professional skills, adherence to ethical codes, and spiritual development. I will implement research concerning my field. The research will involve up-to-date works of scholars and practitioners. I also plan to take part in such...
Plato finds the ascent to truth confusing and painful because the ascent is different from what ordinary minds have learned through the experience of reality. According to this parable, the initial mind is in a cave, and what it perceives as reality are only images or shadows of what is...
According to Thomas et.: ‘‘Transliteracy is the ability to read, write and interact across a range of platforms, tools, and media from signing and orality through handwriting, print, TV, radio, and film, to digital social networks.” Thomas et al. further argue that transliteracy “does not replace but rather contains media...
Analyzing the Vrasidas paper reveals that both constructivism and objectivism are closely related to the theory of learning and have little regard for teaching. Learning is, however, explicitly linked to teaching constructivism is generally presented as the change in understanding and conduct that arises due to one’s encounter with experiences....
The theories of learning that support the education system and other fields like psychology and cognitive science have propagated for many years. New instructive methodologies based on these theoretical models are causing a gradual shift from passive instructional methods, which demands little of the students’ participation. Of all the constructivists’...
The main aim of the international space station was to promote several scientific research, projects, and experiments that are only possible in micro-gravity. A significant example of areas being researched is the effect on the human form of life in space for a certain length of time. In this, the...
Mars Exploration Rover Mission and Mars Pathfinder Missions were part and parcel of NASA‘s Discovery Program to explore Mars. The main objectives were to analyze geological surroundings, the climate, and the atmosphere on the red planet, which was successful. The Pathfinders Mission acts as a technology testing point for space...
The process of decision-making is not an easy matter, as this requires some preliminary deliberations and counseling. According to Choi and Kim, groupthink is “a mode of thinking people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group when the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to...
The Australian Department of Education states that inclusive schooling programs and practices need to be evidence-based. Therefore, it is safe to say that one of the best resources to inform teachers are scientific, peer-reviewed journal articles that provide practical implications. Torres-Carrión, González-González, Bernal-Bravo, and Infante-Moro conducted a systematic review on...
Child development is an extremely complex process that involves a long sequence of physical, language use, cognitive, emotional, and psychological changes allowing the child to gain knowledge and master new skills needed to become more independent from adults. Traumatic experiences often have a detrimental impact on developing learners, and it...
Culture plays a huge role in any person’s life and heavily affects the way of how he or she perceives other individuals. Similar to any other people, educators may sometimes fail to understand that the norms of their native culture are not universal and applicable to all students. It may...
The various curriculums adopted in various regions are usually accompanied by subsequent benefits and loses, which can be acquired from such curriculums. In this study therefore a well established relationship between the adoption of the foreign curriculums, and the effects it will have on the current culture will be determined....
The methods which could be used to gather information on the influence that the curriculum has on culture include carrying out interviews, conducting of opinion polls; administering of questionnaires and carrying out case studies among others. In this perspective therefore it would be of a great importance that the methods...
Hobbes defines Commonwealth as the multitude consolidated into one person, which he calls Leviathan. At this point, commonwealth can be also regarded as one person, of whose acts a great multitude, by mutual covenants one with another, have made themselves every one the author, to the end he may use...
Plato’s theory of recollection is revealed in his dialogue between Meno and Socrates where the learning process are based on the prenatal knowledge given to a person from his/her birth. In the dialogue, there is a dispute concerning the meaning and definition of virtue which, according to Socrates, cannot be...
In his work Leviathan, Hobbes states that the knowledge about the surrounding world is acquired through five original senses of the body or object, “which presents the organ to each sense, either immediately, as in the taste and touch, or mediate, as in seeing, hearing, and smelling”. The sense is...
Because many of the religions of the past were polytheistic, religions of Indigenous populations were primarily polytheistic. For instance, Shinto, which originated in Japan, confesses the existence of supernatural entities called “kami.” These beings are worshipped in special places called “kamidana.” The same attributes can be given to Heathenry, which...
Polarity in international relations refers to various types of power distribution in the international arena. A hegemonic power (a uni-polar system) is a pattern of power distribution that concentrates power in the hands of a single super nation. From the time of World War II, the US has hegemonically been...
Research should have a clear purpose as it should give benefits for both the writer and the reader. For the reader, a comprehensible purpose enables one to understand the area of study and what the research proposes to improve on the subject. On the other hand, it is a benefit...
The different types of hypotheses are inductive, deductive, and research. The last is divided into directional or non-directional research and statistical hypotheses, which include a null hypothesis. An example of a directional hypothesis is if the students who use the study pack will score higher on the science test than...
In the British political system, a row of checks and balances and other constraints, both formal and informal, exist to prevent the emergence of concentrated and unconstrained political power. In particular, they are the state system of power separation, the role that the monarch plays in the process, and the...
In Britain, laws are adopted in Parliament at Westminster as it is the highest body of legislative power in the country. In recent years the tendency has been established for the European Union’s impact on law adaption in Britain. However, this tendency is still not powerful enough to take it...
The 9/11 attacks proved three important means for the American society: a) Anti-American terrorists do exist and will continue to be in the foreseeable future; b) the terrorists have the resources to carry attacks; c) the consequences of the attacks will strengthen the terrorism wave (Flynn). The domestic security efforts,...
Before the announcement of the president’s order of closing Guantanamo Bay, the latter was heavily criticized by human rights organizations, which were later joined by former detainees and academics. Although it is stated that the closure of Guantanamo would have little impact on US detention practices elsewhere, the controversies resulting...
Confucianism justified and sanctified social inequality, stood guard over monarchy as the only form of the appropriate government. It was intended to strengthen religious and ideological means the right of the hereditary aristocracy to political domination. In extreme opposition to Confucianism was Taoism – philosophers with a bold mindset, advocates...
Hinduism is a collection of religions that are based on Vedic principles. Despite the contradictions between the various versions of Hinduism, all of them are based on several specific fundamental provisions. Outside the ever-changing physical world, there is a single universal, unchanging, eternal spirit called Brahman. The soul (atman) of...
Taoism is one of the oldest religions on Earth, and its origins are rooted in archaic shamanistic practices. The main idea of Taoism is the universal equality of people, equal rights to life, and freedom. These ideas immediately attracted many supporters from the lower strata of the population to the...
The most significant philosopher in China and the author of the first social utopian project was Confucius. He believed that an ideal society should be built by analogy with the family. Society, according to Confucius, should resemble a large family, where the ruler, as a father, takes care of his...
Buddhism and Hinduism are two closely related religions, having a number of lateral aspects, and differences in theory and practice. Buddha adopted many of the terms already used in the philosophical discussions of his era. However, many of these terms were given a different interpretation. For instance, in the Samaññaphala...
Religion plays a huge role in all social fields and it has a regulatory, communicative, integrative, educational, and compensatory function in society. From a regulatory perspective, it establishes complex social processes and affects the behavior of people and their life in society. The communicative function is the unification of people...
This post will discuss differentiation with reference to teaching science to gifted first-graders. Science lessons for first-graders cover multiple topics, including studying wildlife diversity and a variety of animal habitats. To differentiate for a gifted child, I would increase tasks’ complexity. Instead of simply connecting the pictures of animals and...
When preparing to collect and analyze qualitative data, several issues should be considered. One of them is the cost of the research, as in most cases it will require quite some budget: paying for the interviewers and collectors of the data, the software, specialists to decode and analyze the information....
Buddhism is significantly different from other world and national religions. Although Buddhism has its own scripture – a collection of words of the Buddha (Tipitaka), the emphasis is more on Buddhist practice. The teaching of Buddhism (Dhamma) is a long process, similar to composing an intricate mosaic. The basic teachings...
Comparing Plato’s philosophy and Hobbes’ perception of the world, the concepts presented by both are rather controversial. In particular, the most contradicting questions are the philosophers’ deliberations on the human nature and knowledge, on the definition of justice, on politics, and on the social and ethical issues. Considering their vision...
Language learning is best achieved when the concept of functional contextualism is introduced. The importance of predicting and, in some cases, influencing any psychological events which include thoughts, feelings, and behaviors lies in the fact that language learning becomes a faster process. These thoughts are usually reinforced to achieve optimum...
These problems are closely associated with the matters of information system implementation and the values of the traditional accounting system. Thus, while the company requires an innovative accounting system, all the practices and principles of accounting require rearrangement in order to fit the electronic system. Moreover, Census Bureau needs consultation...
The project of creating the united accounting system for considering both accounts receivable and accounts payable generally requires the additional considerations of the financial statements and the financial flows of the company. Consequently, it should be emphasized that the matters of traditional accounting are not applicable. Originally, the accounting system...
Terrorists take into consideration a number of core factors before selecting a target to launch their terrorist acts. These factors include recognition, Coercion, intimidation, and provocation. The consideration of the recognition is based on the terrorist belief that high visibility targets will attract the biggest media attention and thus magnify...
Critical infrastructures that have the capacity to disrupt the normal running of government affairs form the most likely targets for terrorists. These include the military bases, police departments, and telecommunication channels that have a direct consequence on the security of the nation. Other important targets to the terrorists would be...
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design principles focus on the relationship between the physical environment and behavioral tendencies with respect to crime. CPTED principles provide the necessary physical security assessments and professional certifications within the built environment. The principles and coupled to design systems that ensure the physical environment of a...
The church is the place of worship for Christians. Christian beliefs are based on faith which hopes for better things and trust in the power of God for sustenance. Congregations meet for prayers to seek divine interventions to the problems. The Physical Security of the church as a place where...
The book titled The Gentle Subversive by Mark Hamilton Lytle is a perfect account of the life and professional development of the famous American scientist and environmentalist Rachel Carson. Moreover, this book is a skilful piece of literature that allows for a better understanding of Carson’s scientific progress in the...
Black holes are regions on the earth’s surface in which the gravitational pull is so powerful that nothing including light can escape them. Their formation occurs when any object reaches a certain density and its gravity causes it to reduce to a small point. Due to the strong gravitational pull, stars...
The solar system consists of the sun and the celestial bodies around it held together by gravity while the Milky Way galaxy refers to the location for the solar system. Similarities: A disk of matter surrounds a star until it becomes an asteroid, planet, comet, etc while in the Milky...
The word terrorism is linked to the Latin word, ‘terrere’, which means to scare. Terrorism can be defined as the menace or the use of compulsive violence against civilians or a government that is aimed at inspiring fear, intimidating people, causing death or bodily harm or damage of property. Acts...
Farmers of one crop have an obligation not to genetically contaminate the crops of other farmers who don’t want their crops contaminated. In the essay, the author also clearly defines the responsibilities of various professionals. It is possible to estimate the damage that can be caused by the harmful chemicals...
Geological time scale is a scale composed of standard stratigraphic divisions based on rock sequences and calibrated in years. This is described in two forms: Relative time (chronostratic scale) where the earth’s geology is subdivided in a specific order based on relative age relationships. Absolute time (chronometric scale) where measurement...
Although both terrorism and crime have an effect on tourist destinations, nevertheless it is important to appreciate the fact that their levels of impact usually differ. In the case of terrorism, disasters usually results in difficult, and often tragic situations not just to the area that ahs been afflicted by...
Beyond any kind of economic activity, a failure or success that characterizes a given tourism destination shall greatly hinge upon the ability of such a destination to provide to its visitors an environment that is both secure and safe. Seeing that tourism is an industry with a global reach, and...
Andromeda galaxy is over two million miles away from the earth. A signal sent from the earth at the speed of light (about 300,000 kilometers per second) will take a minimum of two million years to reach Andromeda. From these deductions, in the event that a powerful signal saying for...
A star is a self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity. The glowing light is due to nuclear reactions occurring within the star’s core. The sun generates its energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium. Assertion and implications: “The cosmological...
It is between 13.5 and 14 billion years old while the galaxy is about 8 billion years old. The Sun and solar system formed in the second half. It is only stars formed recently that have heavy elements like carbon and nitrogen that were in earlier stars that existed before the...
Dark matter is a form of matter, which does not emit or absorb light but appears to have mass, postulated to occur due to the unexplained movement of stars within galaxies. Dark energy is form of energy that helps to speed up earth’s expansion, thought to exist due to the...
Literature review plays a significant role in any research work. In most of cases, research conducted aims at proving a specific hypothesis or adding value to a known idea. As a result, one starts by giving a review of what is known so as to help the leader understand the...
Whenever one understands the direction to be followed in research, it is imperative to develop a directional hypothesis. This is especially in instances where there is an adequate literature review that is inclined to a specific direction. Directional hypothesis gives clear information on what the research outcomes are expected to...
The problem definition stage in a research process is more vital than the problem solution stage. It is illogical to try solving a problem that one has no idea about. To effectively solve any problem, one has to have a clear understanding of the existence of a problem and the...
Despite the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) making numerous reforms after the Challenger accident, there was still evidence of some faults in the corrective actions taken. For instance, the organization continued with its past trend with limited effort to change the past performance of the shuttle to avoid later...
There are numerous topics that can be the basis for research essays. Al Jazeera happens to be one of them, and for this case, it is the one that I recommend as the topic of choice. Al Jazeera is a respectable television station in the Arab world. It is based...
Death has also been a mystery for all nations, religions, and societies – there is a huge amount of variants of what happens to the human body and soul after death, but nobody knows for sure. As everyone understands, nobody has ever returned from that side of the world, so...
The developed nations such as the USA, China, Japan, India and some of the European countries are the greatest producers of polluted gas causing the greenhouse effects. This is due to the fact that their heavy industrial base relies on carbon-based energy sources such as coal and methane. Therefore, for...
The USA as the world’s greatest emitter of GHGs from industrial activities has the biggest role to play in combating climate change. Therefore, it should take lead in the process by ensuring the COP 15 follow-up of the Kyoto Protocol taking place in December this year at Copenhagen City in...
The coming decade of the 21st century would perhaps require an extraordinary focus on Asia which includes China, India, and several other southeast Asian nations. The cumulative population of these nations and regional powers would be more than the combined population of all others nations and are among the most...
When one person enters into the rightful property of another without authorization or permission, it could be termed as trespass to personal property. “Trespassing as it relates to real estate law means entering onto land without the consent of the landowner.”
The reincarnation concept is perceived as an aspect that explains the origin and destiny of man. The term reincarnation refers to one being made flesh once again after death. According to the religious belief, a fresh personality is established in each living in a place called the physical world, though...
Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao have emphasized the need for development that is sustainable. The need, therefore, was to adopt a scientific approach to balance economic and social development that was also environmentally friendly. Both the leaders realized that the untrammeled growth of ‘economic development at any cost’ of the...
A child begins its primary studies by observing and imitating the different objects or sounds it senses around. Different art materials are capable of producing different images in the minds of a preschooler, but it is not mandatory that the same materials should create the same effect in a child...
According to the US constitution, Congress has the right to lay and collect taxes, duties, imports and excises. The Sixteenth Amendment allowed Congress the power to levy an income tax without apportioning it among states or having to base it on the results of the census undertaken. In the US...
Americans’ beliefs about liberty, equality, and self-government are rooted in their history. The first settlers, mostly the intrepid British arrived on board the ‘Mayflower’ in Provincetown, Massachusetts on November 21, 1620 A.D. These early settlers were actually religious refugees fleeing religious persecution in Europe. They were people who disliked the...
For James Rachels, our opinions about what is moral are value-laden and subjective. He discusses the concept of moral subjectivity, building on and challenging the legacy of previous philosophers, notably Hume’s. Rachel qualifies Hume’s theory that sentiment is the source of moral judgment as a form of simple subjectivism (SS)....
The various disorders of writing disorders include poor spelling, grammatical errors, errors in punctuation, and poor handwriting. In a child with a writing disorder, spelling errors are the most common problem. Earlier terms used to describe writing disability include spelling disorder and spelling dyslexia. Causes of writing disorders are believed...
Speech disorders include articulation (phonological), stuttering (fluency), and voice disorders. A phonological or articulation involves errors in sound production, use, representation or organization. There is the substitution of one sound for another, omissions of sounds or distortion of sound. The severity varies from mild to severe and is more common...
Traditionally, according to Broca’s-Wernicke’s areas theory, speech production is localized to the third frontal convolution of the neocortex.However, imaging studies (PET) in neurologically intact subjects have shown a more complex picture. When they were asked either to read or to repeat isolated spoken words, the primary motor cortex, the premotor...
James Rachels’s philosophical contribution seems to be the strongest. Hume’s senses-centered explanations assume that we all have the same vision of morality. He almost provides an organic explanation of what morality is. However, there is no consensus about morality. Its perception differs from one person to another and above all...
The rapid development of cities is creating three phenomenons. The first one is urban decay. Ghettos are rising up to swallow inner cities and the poverty and squalor are enough to make residents flee to the suburbs. The next one is called urban sprawl where the outer-fringes of the city...
As cities continue to grow and as more immigrants continue to pour in – as well as people from the rural areas – urban decay sets in. There are old buildings that needed to be torn down and there will be old facilities that used to be part of the...
As more and more people flock to cities urbanization threatens to make the city an inhospitable place. Overcrowding, urban decay, and high cost of living are just some of the implications. As the center of cities succumb to the ghettos and as vacant lots begin to be converted to residential...
Selecting the right leaders to lead the community or the State is a tricky process. The democratic process offers some guidelines such as the use of ballot to elect the most popular person never mind if he has the skills necessary to run a city or preside as judge. For...
There is a good reason why partisan politics is popular all over the world. It is a byproduct of man’s ability to organize and create efficient systems. If elections are held on a regular basis then it is just logical to establish a group that not only will groom the...
Everyone is frustrated with bureaucracy. Bureaucracy means inflexibility, doing everything by the book, and being unable to see the big picture. When someone uses the term bureaucrat, one can be sure that it is not a compliment. Bureaucracy is not only confined to the government. This phenomenon is also evident...
Psychology should, first of all, try to adapt to the new media available in the digital world of today. Interesting media, such as video games and Tele-Health dynamic systems can be introduced in individualized health-management programs. Television should be recognized as a far-reaching medium to be used to convey important...
Yes, psychology makes a significant difference in people’s lives. The application of psychology in real life can be seen through the following examples: psychological tests offer an objective quantifiable means of assessing human talents, abilities, strengths, and weaknesses; the concept of positive reinforcement has found wide application in schools and...
Most psychological phenomena—memory, consciousness, emotions, mental disorders, stereotyping, and perception—can be fully explained only by using multiple paradigms, and psychology departments are organized by subfields of the discipline: biological, clinical, social, developmental, and social. Each paradigm has its own specialized language and methodology, and this made psychology a complex subject. ...
The biological foundations of psychology are important because Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced greatly by the nature of the body. The aspects of human biology directly relevant to understanding behavior are the brain and nervous system,...
Among the earliest schools of thought in psychology were structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism, developed by Edward Titchener, attempted to use introspection to uncover the basic elements of consciousness and the way they combine with one another into ideas (that is, the structure of consciousness). Functionalism looked for explanations of psychological processes in their role, or function,...
In order to understand the relationship between the media and society first, we should understand the basic meaning of the media. Today’s media includes TV channels, newspapers, magazines, the World Wide Web radio, books, etc. Due to the availability of a lot of media, its influence on the people is...
The greatest benefit of the media for society is that they make our voice reach everywhere and highlight the problems. It is because of the presence of media that we are more aware of social and current issues. They expose corruptions, which was unnoticed by the authorities. We get a...
I think the media plays a very important role in today’s society. Media is the fourth pillar of democracy. Each day people interact with different forms of media. Thus, media is the channel of communication on which people depend. All around the world, people use media frequently and media has...
In my opinion, the biggest problem with today’s media is that they are too much interfering in people’s personal lives. The media has forgotten its boundaries. They prefer to focus more on a celebrity’s life rather than social causes. Some news channels even can go to any extent to sensationalize...
I agree with Simon Johnson that although KKN or korrupsi, kollusi, nepotism, i.e., corruption, collusion, nepotism, respectively, earlier seemed to be a problem faced by only some third world nations, like Korea, Thailand, Indonesia or Russia, now even America is facing the same problems and crisis situations. Although it is...