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You wish to undertake a project to investigate if treatment with an unknown novel therapy improves outcome in pneumonia caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. This drug works by improving the functions of macrophages. You should provide a testable hypothesis and devise a plan of investigation to address this hypothesis. You should explain the suitability of any animal model proposed over any alternatives that might have been considered and how the experimental and statistical design has been used to optimise the number of animals used.

A new drug that improves macrophage performance was to be tested for the treatment of pneumonia in humans by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. As an animal model would be required for phase 1 clinical trial, suitability of animal and test bacterium and the test procedures were to be envisaged carefully...

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Has the investigation of the TGN1412 trial and its conclusions been generally accepted, or are some aspects controversial?

Obviously, the conclusions of MHRA were not acceptable, and therefore the Secretary of State for Health established an Expert Scientific Group (ESG) with Professor Gordon Duff, Professor of Molecular Medicine at Sheffield University as Chair, to review what could be learned from the TGN1412 tragedy. A transition from pre-clinical to...

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In what way were the causes of the problem with the TGN1412 trial investigated? What conclusions were drawn in the official investigation report regarding errors made and recommendations for future trials?

On a fateful day, Parexel reported “Serious Adverse Events” owing to a life-threatening “Cytokine release syndrome” only in subjects who received the drug but not those who received a placebo. As reported by Hanke, MHRA immediately canceled clinical trial authorization, informed international drugs authorities of the event, and sent a...

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In what way was the TGN1412 trial submitted for review, and what regulatory bodies approved it?

As stated, MHRA received an application for a clinical trial on 23rd December 2005, and it was approved on 27th January 2006. The clinical trial was approved to be taken place at Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK. The applicant gave supporting data to prove that the product has been adequately...

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Regarding the Theralizumab studies, what went wrong, and what have been the long-term consequences to the human subjects involved?

According to Kenter and Cohen, clinical trial 1 of the MAB was carried out by Parexel International Corporation, MS (USA) through their Clinical Pharmacology Research Unit. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) gave approval for the trial. Six out of eight healthy male volunteers were simultaneously given the...

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What was TGN1412 and its intended therapeutic use?

TGN1412 was described as an immunomodulatory humanized agonistic monoclonal antibody (MAB) directed against the CD28 protein of T lymphocytes. This drug was developed by a company TeGenero AG, based in Würzburg, Germany, and was manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. TGN1412 belongs to one of the super-agonist MAB known to augment immune...

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Describe how the changing demographic trends have led to the development of new sports leagues, the shifting of professional sports franchises, and new sports products. Provide three specific examples of each.

There was a time when a game was played for the love of the game. The rules of an established game were respected and traditionally followed. But now they are changing with the commercialization of sports. The rules and the game itself are changing according to the demands and tastes...

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Compare and contrast the internet sites of three professional sports teams. Which site bests meet the objectives of providing Sports Information? Why?

With the internet become popular and also being a medium where information and news can be shared effectively, almost all professional sports team have their own official websites. Such websites should give comprehensive sports information like club history, history of the sport, tournament statistics, player history and statistics, photos, videos,...

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Compare the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), the Ohio Occupational Therapy Association (OOTA), and National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) with regard to mission and membership or registration. Discuss why you plan or do not plan to be a member of AOTA or your state’s association or both. Include in the discussion some of the benefits of membership and why you do or do not feel that these would be of value to you as a practicing clinician. Also, consider any liabilities associated with membership and how these might factor into you decision.

The differences between the Missions of AOTA, OOTA, and NBCOT lie in their scope of activities and perceptions of the profession of occupational therapy. While AOTA is a countrywide organization rendering the cause of OT through “advancing the quality, availability, use, and support of occupational therapy through standard-setting, advocacy, education,...

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Elaine is an occupational therapist in a skilled nursing facility (SNF). She supervises 3 assistants and 3 aides at the facility. During weekday lunchtimes and 3 nights a week at suppertime, Elaine is responsible for an eating group, working with several residents on specific goals. Two of the residents in the group have mild dementia and need intermittent verbal direction to complete the meal; they are independent for self-feeding and occasionally need assistance with cutting. Two of the residents had right-sided strokes (CVA) and need physical assistance as well as problem solving for adapting the set-up and equipment to work on self-feeding. One resident had a left-sided stroke with damage in the basilar area and has some swallowing problems, as well as cognitive deficits. This resident also denies many of his problems with handling both self-feeding and chewing/swallowing and, as a result, chokes frequently. Using the information from your state’s regulations and AOTA’s Guidelines for Supervision, Roles and Responsibilities During the Delivery of Occupational Therapy Services, plan the staffing for the lunch and supper groups to provide optimal and cost effective coverage. Suggest what the staff persons may do in this eating group program, what type of supervision each requires and what kind of documentation can be completed by the aides, the assistants, and the supervising therapist.

There are certain aspects with regard to the care of CVA Patients and stroke patients, especially with regard to their feeding. It is not known whether tube or normal feeding is carried out on these patients. The aspects that need to be concerned are: Ascertaining the need and level of...

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What are the elements of informed consent? Discuss what may be necessary in the following scenario and why. What will you do in order to assure that informed consent has been executed? Mrs. Jones has been admitted to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after a hip replacement procedure. She is 86 years old and has some confusion and agitation behaviors that increase in the late afternoon (Sundowners syndrome). Her daughter, who visits her every day, denies that Mrs. Jones has any problems other than her recent hip fracture. You are the occupational therapist who has been assigned to teach Mrs. Jones adaptations and precautions for lower extremity dressing.

The main elements of informed consent could be seen in that the concerned patient should be fully aware and involved in treatment and procedures that are being carried out on them. Further, it is also necessary that patients need to be informed and appraised about the medical treatment meted out...

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Regarding “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al., how would an alternative methodology improve the study’s contribution to knowledge?

A new operational methodology and analytical research which gives actual facts and statistics provides authentic information and data collection via the gradual process of experimentation to know the individualistic experiences and reactions when the social restrictions are imposed upon them in the public place. It contributes greatly to enhance the...

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How would you operationalise the new methodology/analysis of the research “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

I suggest a new operational methodology and analytical research which gives actual facts and statistics on how smokers tend to continue their habits of smoking.

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Why is an alternative methodology more appropriate for the research questions than the original methodology of the research “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

It is the best methodological research work to address the research questions, drawing the facts and figures hypothetically by collecting data from semi-format of interviews and questioners of different participants.

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Who are the stakeholders in the research “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

The Greek and UK participants are considered as stakeholders in the research work “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.

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Does the research “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. challenge existing theory and identify new directions?

“Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. provides variable theories according to the changing circumstances, giving a new orientation to the research work. Researchers have reported different criteria to achieve smoking cessation through behaviour modification. Such behaviour modification programs include timely...

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Does the research “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. add to knowledge/theory? You need to look at the literature in the topic area.

This is knowledgeable and theoretical research on the habitual attitudes of smokers when they are exposed to the social environment. It provides arguable theories and knowledge to authenticate all data collection and findings. A lot of research has gone into discovering the hazards of cigarettes. Every day many new discoveries...

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Are weaknesses & limitations acknowledged in the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

This is a fantastic research work with perfect argumentation, showing all drawbacks and limitations of the research work. The weaknesses of the research work lie in the variety of participants’ experiences, moods and trends when they are exposed to social revulsion.

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Is trustworthiness considered in the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

The discursive and persuasive viewpoints bring about the authenticity and worthiness of all researches to enhance the wider scope of the basic study by Louka et al.

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Does the discussion of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. explain the findings in the wider context?

All discussions about the basic research and study are very finely elaborated in the extensive range to ensure the qualitative research work.

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Do the findings of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. address the research questions?

All findings are perfect for addressing the research questions if we evaluate the main viewpoints of the writers. It is a gradual process of answering the research questions by logical sequences of experimental results.

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Do the findings of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. “colour the meanings“ and provide think descriptions?

There are two significant sources of findings to clarify the research work upon the smokers, e.g. general public and intimate’s condemnation. The general public disapproval is not acceptable rather than intimate ones in the context of moral grounds.

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Do the findings of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. consider negative cases?

All findings reveal the positive as well as negative impacts upon the participants to ensure the qualitative research works how the different focus groups of different ages. The findings also put forward that exposure to social disapproval has a direct association with the feelings of smokers in different ways. The...

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Are the findings of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al. intelligible?

All findings are very comprehensive and logical, revealing the similarities and differences in order to compare the interviews and accounts of the Greek and UK smokers.

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Is the procedure appropriate for the research question of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

In this qualitative research-oriented journal, the researchers employed various techniques of researches on how the smokers of different social sectors experienced moral concerns and health risks when they were exposed to different levels of social revulsion against smokers. The different methodologies and experimentation are utilised by the researchers who observe...

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Are the participants appropriate for the research question of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

Ten smoking participants were taken from the UK while eleven smokers from Greece to have a comparison of smoking-related health issues and individualistic reactionary attitudes towards social displeasure. The smoking participants of both countries were well-educated and young professionals in order to examine all illnesses related to smoking. The main...

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Are the data collection measures appropriate for the research question of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

All data-collection procedures are very appropriate to answer the research questions via semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and qualitative graphical, textual and audio data.

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Has the rationale for design and data collection been justified in the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

The basic objective of the study and research was to investigate the representations and reactions of the smokers who were exposed to manifold smoking restrictions in different social sectors. For instance, the ratio of smoking in the UK and Greece are different from each other. In the UK, the smoking...

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Do the researchers make clear their theoretical orientation in the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

In the journal, all key factors of smoking (disapproval, discourse, moralisation, qualitative, smoking) and its ultimate bad consequences upon health are discussed appropriately by the writers, and I take this journal best qualitative research work with good reasoning and results of researchers about smoking health issues and social disapproval.

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Are the research questions contextualised in the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

All significant questions are contextualised appropriately by taking some references of other scholars and researchers to validate the questions pointed by the researchers while arguing different issues of smoking.

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Are the research questions reasonable in the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.?

In western culture, the serious concerns of moralisation and health risks are directly associated with smoking. It depends upon the individuals how they control their bad habits of smoking in order to escape risky health issues. The social disapproval against smokers can be measured by anti-smoking campaigns, smoking policies and...

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What is the value base of the study “Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers” by Louka et al.? Consider ontology and epistemology.

I have selected this well-researched Journal of Health Psychology on the topic, “I Think That It’s a Pain in the Ass That I Have to Stand Outside in the Cold and Have a Cigarette’: Representations of Smoking and Experiences of Disapproval in UK and Greek Smokers.” In Greece and the...

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Describe one innovative health care delivery model that incorporates an interdisciplinary care delivery team. Explain how this model is advantageous to patient outcomes.

The current healthcare system promotes high-quality services in the United States. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 regulates the conditions under which medicine and health care are developing and evolving care delivery models help to define an interdisciplinary team. Among a variety of existing models, a Health...

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Identify health issues in your community. How do you know they are issues? What is the evidence?

My community is Queens Village, and the primary health issue affecting it is heart disease. It is the leading cause of death in Queens Village, with a death rate of 133.4. Additionally, heart disease accounts for a significant share of healthcare expenses and leads to significant health consequences, including death....

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What is your interpretation of the “PBS Frontline: Doctor Hotspot”?

Improving population health through meaningful action is among the primary responsibilities of care providers within the public health system. Using research and statistical data, nurses and doctors can outline priority issues in their community ad work towards addressing them. The Doctor Hotspot feature by Atul Gawande describes the case of...

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A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception. She is using birth control pills but forgets to take them because her work schedule changes every week. She has been married for 14 years and has two children. She is looking for an effective method that will be easy to remember. She has a history of chronic headaches and hypertension during pregnancy. She has never been treated for a sexually transmitted infection and is in a mutually monogamous relationship. Family history is significant for an aunt with breast cancer. She smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. She is 5 ft. 8 in. and 215 lbs. Her vital signs are: BP 120/78, p 72, reg. The copper intrauterine device (IUD) ParaGard® would be recommended to the patient. Provide additional insights or contrasting perspectives.

In the discussed case, the woman’s health concerns influence the clinician’s suggestions greatly. The patient’s smoking habits, weight, family history of breast cancer, and personal account of hypertension lead to the conclusion that any hormonal contraceptives should not be used. According to Westhoff and Pike, the risk of breast cancer...

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A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal. The contraception that would be recommended to this patient is an intrauterine device. Provide additional insights or contrasting perspectives.

Clinicians often neglect the issue of dysmenorrhea presented in the discussed case as a serious problem. However, there exist a variety of options for women to reduce pain during menstruation. The suggested method of IUD is one of the possible solutions, but patient education is necessary to lower hesitation and...

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In what ways are older adults living in rural areas at a disadvantage and advantage? Are some of the challenges or benefits of living in rural places surprising?

Urbanization created the situation when a significant proportion of the population reside in big cities. Despite this fact, millions of people still live in the countryside, where the density of population is much lower, and the infrastructure is less developed. The life of the elderly in rural areas is different...

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Give examples of the application of expert reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, and actor-network reasoning. What are sources of knowledge, and how are they accumulated and used?

An example of expert reasoning application is the process of problem identification. This process involved an interdisciplinary team of care providers and other staff who were tasked with analyzing the problem and finding possible solutions. Consequently, the members used their expertise in the matter to contribute to problem identification. An...

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Critically analyze the structure of communications to inform and enlist members of the nursing and other departments.

In order to implement the rapid-response team (RRT) successfully, it is essential to plan the structure of communications. In the present case, communication involved providing updates on the RRT planning and progress to the executives, while the administrative management is not part of the implementation discussion. Additionally, the team communicated...

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Why do nurses call physicians when patients are in distress, and why do physicians frequently not respond? Why do nursing directors caution nurses against calling the code team?

Nurses’ relationships with physicians are complex and are often guided by scope of practice regulations. These regulations may limit nurses’ ability to provide care to patients in distress because they require physician oversight during certain procedures. Additionally, it is possible that non-ICU nurses are not experienced or trained in the...

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How does the rapid-response team (RRT) relate to the entire caregiving team at University Hospital? Based on the team caregiving concept, who would include on an RRT?

The RRT relates to the caregiving team by providing an urgent response in cases when there are early signs of patients’ deterioration. This distinguishes the RRT from the code team, which responses when the patient is actively failing. Hence, the RRT becomes the primary point of contact for floor nurses...

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Critically assess the process of determining the composition of a rapid-response team (RRT). What professional skills should be always present for any call? Should RRT members be selected based on their people skills or technical competency?

The process of determining the composition of an RRT is based on the needs of patients and the responding members of the healthcare teams. Additionally, the process included planning for emergencies when one of the team members is absent. This helps to ensure that the patients will receive the required...

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Why had hospitals not initiated an inquiry into the deaths of patients from respiratory or cardiac failure before the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) initiative, given the level of clinical expertise and the institutional commitment to quality?

It appears that hospitals had not initiated an inquiry into the deaths of patients from respiratory or cardiac failure before the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) initiative because of two reasons. On the one hand, they lacked the insight required to understand the reasons for these adverse events. Nurses were...

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Discuss the three types of dynamic system modeling and how they are applied to the healthcare system.

The three dynamic simulation modeling methods can be used for evaluating system interventions for the delivery of health care. They include system dynamics, discrete event simulation, and agent-based modeling. Compared to conventional simulations, the approach through dynamic systems involves a degree of complexity of a system and expects both upstream...

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Was “Typhoid Mary” a “victim or villain” in terms of spreading typhoid or was she a victim of inadequate public health investigation procedure during the time in which she lived and worked?

Depicted as a monster, an Irish immigrant Mary Mallon who was a carrier of typhoid had a very troublesome life. People greatly disregarded her decision to return to cooking while still being a threat to the health of the community. However, those who blame her for doing so usually do...

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Was “Typhoid Mary” a “victim or villain” in terms of spreading typhoid or was she a victim of inadequate public health investigation procedure during the time in which she lived and worked?

Mary Mallon, an Irish-American cook, became the first known carrier of typhoid in the United States and is known as “Typhoid Mary” all over the globe. When after long detention she was given a chance to live in freedom, she decided to return to her previous job, cooking. A lot...

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Describe the research legislation that has occurred within the last 5 years at the state or federal level as a result of nurse advocacy. What was accomplished? What additional steps need to be taken to continue advocacy for this issue?

Nurse staffing is one of the most debatable issues, and it has become one of the areas of concern for nursing advocates. Nurses have made a lot of effort to improve the situation in American hospitals by advocating the need to introduce staffing standards. Some states enacted the corresponding laws,...

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Are we “on target” to meet the goal/objectives associated with one of the Leading Health Indicators by 2020?

The Healthy People 2020 program includes a considerable number of objectives. Some of them are called Leading Health Indicators (LHIs), and they “have been selected to communicate high-priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them.” These indicators are used to assess the health of the Nation,...

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In light of The Health Education Code of Ethics, are health educators obligated to do their part in striving toward the achievement of Healthy People 2020 objectives? Please explain your response.

Healthy People is a program with nationwide health promotion and disease-prevention goals set by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It includes several purposes, the most essential of which are “identifying nationwide health improvement priorities, increasing public awareness, and understanding of the determinants of health, disease, and...

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What are some ethical dilemmas that can come from implementing public policy-level strategies to promote healthy behaviors?

In some cases, utilizing public policy intervention leads to the emergence of ethical dilemmas because all people have different problems and beliefs. For instance, while policy protects non-smokers permitting smoking only in designated areas, those who smoke consider it as a violation of their freedom. Another example of an ethical...

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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing public policy-level intervention to promote healthy behaviors.

The healthy behavior of individuals plays a significant role in the modern world. Constant challenges to the healthy behavior of the society are being addressed through various types of interventions. One of these types is a public policy-level intervention that aims to change the dynamics, forms, and conditions of a...

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Prepare and present a case study to illustrate the topic of negligence and patient safety and how it relates to health care practice.

A case of nursing negligence in Taiwan demonstrates how ignoring immediate responsibilities leads to a patient dying. A clinic employee did not provide proper care and did not report the deterioration of the patient’s condition to an attending physician, which, as Ngo, Patel, Paterick, Chandrasekaran, and Tajik remark, is a...

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Prepare and present a case study to illustrate the topic of negligence and patient safety and how it relates to health care practice.

The case of a woman with weakness and reduced mobility is an example of how nursing negligence can lead to dangerous health outcomes. After the prescribed treatment, the medical staff was instructed on the importance of preventing the development of pressure sores. This problem is common among patients with reduced...

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Discuss the implications of negligence and patient safety for health care practice.

The violation of the norms of interaction with patients, as a rule, has a subjective background and should be considered in individual cases. According to Hall, Johnson, Watt, Tsipa, and O’Connor, one of the causes of negligence is burnout that physicians and nurses experience due to increased stress, additional responsibilities,...

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Discuss the topic of negligence and patient safety.

Those issues that relate to patient safety and the role of medical providers in complying with the required norms and rules of work occupy an essential place in the modern healthcare sector. Such a problem as negligence allowed by responsible persons entails negative consequences. As a person deeply concerned about...

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Describe barriers to advancement that currently exist in your state and explain how nursing advocates in your state overcome these barriers.

Many barriers prevent nurses from being on the same level as physicians as well as advancing the career ladder into management positions. Reforming the education system, expanding the technical skillset as well as working on the leadership qualities is of utmost importance for the nurse school graduates. With the development...

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Research the initiatives on which your state’s action coalition is working. Summarize two initiatives spearheaded by your state’s action coalition. Discuss the ways these initiatives advance the nursing profession.

Since 2016, Arizona Action Coalition has made steps towards the goals mentioned in the IOM report. Two of the most important initiatives are the development of a workforce center and establishing standards for data management. AAC determines the criteria for state workforce evaluation. Creates a sub-committee to summarize the current...

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Discuss the role of state-based action coalitions. Explain how these coalitions help advance the goals specified in the IOM report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.”

The United States modernizes the healthcare system every day and to achieve success nurses should play a crucial role in these changes. However, improvement of the current conditions does not rest solely on nurses. Government, institutions, and coalitions are responsible for making progress. Individual policymakers, healthcare professionals, and executives must...

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Outline the four “Key Messages” that structure the IOM Report recommendations. Explain how these have transformed or influenced nursing practice, nursing education and training, nursing leadership, and nursing workforce development. Provide examples.

As a result of deliberations, the Robert Wood Foundation Committee has formulated four key messages: Nurses should practice the full scope of their education. The level of education must be raised. Nurses need to have an equal voice on the board with physicians. Better data collection and infrastructure. Nurses should...

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Describe the work of the Robert Wood Foundation Committee Initiative that led to the IOM report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.”

The United States can modernize the healthcare system, raising the quality, and making it more affordable for the general public. To achieve this transformation, healthcare institutions need to remodel the system in many aspects. One of these aspects is modernizing the largest segment of the healthcare workforce – nursing. Robert...

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Should doctors tell the truth? Is it ever right to lie to the sick and dying?

Doctors’ practice is challenged by arising ethical dilemmas, especially in terms of dealing with severely ill patients, to whom healthcare providers have to lie. As mentioned by Collins, it is best to withhold some aspects of truth during treatment because telling everything as it is may prevent individuals from fighting...

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Suppose the patient experiences issues with osteoarthritis, kyphosis, cataracts, and tinnitus, as well as a fear of falling. What are some of the unique and shared roles that you as the nurse may have in caring for this patient?

In the proposed scenario, the nurse’s unique roles lie in providing at-home services to promote the patient’s wellbeing. These roles may include providing physiotherapy, conducting home assessments, offering education, coordinating medication delivery, and any other responsibilities required to fulfill the patient’s needs. However, the nurse still functions as part of...

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Suppose the patient experiences issues with osteoarthritis, kyphosis, cataracts, and tinnitus, as well as a fear of falling. Which professionals would best meet the needs of the client/patient in this case? What are the professional roles and responsibilities of each of the professionals?

The interdisciplinary team to work with the patient would thus include a home nurse, a primary care physician, an ophthalmologist, an orthopedist, a neurologist, and a mental health professional. A primary care physician would be responsible for regular patient exams, referrals to specialists, prescriptions, and the overall coordination of care....

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Identify some key principles of interprofessional teamwork and collaboration the team should implement when working together (i.e. how decisions are made, how will disagreements be handled).

Interprofessional care can have a positive influence on patient outcomes if applied correctly and consistently. There are several principles that can help the team to achieve the best results. Firstly, one of the core principles in interprofessional practice is shared decision-making. This means that the team should discuss care decisions...

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Are there other ways in which your organization or unit can implement interprofessional teamwork/collaboration?

There is still space for improvement in my organization’s interprofessional practice framework. At the moment, many nurses and physicians do not have the necessary training and guidelines for interprofessional collaboration, and thus, team processes are somewhat unpredictable. For example, some teams struggle with communication as patients’ complaints or concerns are...

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Does your organization/unit practice interprofessional collaboration? If so, in what way (provide examples)? Is it successful (provide examples of success)? If it is not successful, why (refer to readings and provide examples)?

In today’s healthcare environment, there is a great variety of medical professionals who have different education and occupations. In clinical settings, patients usually receive care from many different professionals, including nurses, physicians, assistants, and specialized doctors. Achieving the shared goal of improving patient outcomes and providing high-quality care thus requires...

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Health reform must address changed health needs through evidence-based community prevention, care coordination, and support for patient self-management. Will the health care reform legislation promote any of these strategies (which ones)?

Apart from the quality of services, the amount of financial resources needed to meet all patients’ treatment needs remains a significant problem in the field of healthcare. The most important causes of growing expenses have changed dramatically, and healthcare reform is expected to address new needs peculiar to chronic diseases...

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What are potential barriers to forming an effective relationship with families? What, if any, might be potential conflicts of interest?

Establishing nurse-family relationships is important, particularly in situations where a patient is unresponsive or unable to fully take care of themselves and make independent decisions. The relationship is a bond where both sides work together for the benefit of the patient. However, there are potential challenges and barriers to forming...

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Share any personal experiences with bad leadership that you’ve had including how it impacted the care of patients and the culture on the floor? Additionally, did the situation get resolved and if so, how?

In my first year of work, I was employed in a unit with poor leadership. The nurse manager was disrespectful and controlling to employees and patients. While she followed most of the hospital’s guidelines and procedures for safe patient care, she never listened to patients’ complaints and concerns. One day,...

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Can you think of any situations when you would stay quiet when you saw a superior providing unsafe care?

I believe that I would report unsafe care provided by a superior, but in some cases, I would probably postpone reporting. For example, if my superior provided unsafe care, and I do not have proof that they did that, I would try to collect evidence before reporting them. If there...

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How about if you’re a nurse reporting on another health care team member, including your nursing manager?

When reporting on another team member, my perceived safety would depend on the position of the accused person and my relationship with them. Firstly, if the person I want to report on is my superior, such as a nurse manager, I would feel unsafe because the management might not believe...

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As a nurse reporting a physician, how does that impact your ability to feel safe when reporting an unsafe act?

In healthcare, there is a clear hierarchy, in which nurses are usually seen as inferior to physicians. Hence, some managers would be more likely to believe a physician than a nurse if there is no compelling evidence. This would impact my ability to feel safe when reporting an unsafe act...

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The issues of poor leadership obviously surface in civilian life. Under what circumstances would you feel justified in reporting your superior for providing unsafe care?

Leadership is among the nine characteristics critical to the success of a clinical microsystem. It also has an influence on other factors impacting safety, such as patient focus, culture, and staff focus. Therefore, when a leader does not exhibit the behaviors and attitudes necessary for promoting high-quality, safe care, it...

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What are some ways that leaders in a microsystem unit can make safety a priority while still allowing creative, innovative strategies for improvement?

Microsystem leaders can often find ways of prioritizing patient safety without impairing the development and implementation of other strategies for improvement. As noted by Godfrey, Nelson, Wasson, Mohr, and Batalden, managers can analyze processes and patients’ needs continuously to identify gaps that affect patient safety. Additionally, they can use leadership...

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What are some conflicts that you may have observed, or think may exist between the conceptual theory of the clinical microsystem and every day practice in the clinical setting?

Patient safety and the quality of care continue to be among the critical concerns of managers working in various healthcare settings. The theory of the clinical microsystem seeks to offer a conceptual view of how clinical units function, thus allegedly providing strategies for care improvement. However, in reality, this conceptual...

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Leaders in healthcare industries as well as leaders in other industries say that in order to achieve a just culture it takes teamwork, leadership, trust and courage. Why do you think each and all of these together are vital to a just culture? Is your current practice environment (or one you are familiar with) prepared to be or already a just culture? If so, please provide an example to support your answer. If not, what needs to change in relation to teamwork, leadership, trust and courage in order to achieve a just culture.

A just culture offers a promising way of addressing and preventing errors in healthcare settings. The model of a just culture involves balancing the core duties of care providers against organizational and individual values. Therefore, in order to ensure that a just culture works as expected, it is necessary for...

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Thinking about your clinical setting, or one you are familiar with has the attitude about disclosure of medical errors changed or stayed the same? Is it a setting that utilizes the “deny and defend” strategy where limited information is provided to the patient and family thereby avoiding admission of fault? Or is it one of “communication and response” where early disclosure of adverse events is emphasized and a more proactive approach to achieving an amicable resolution is the strategy?

The modern-day mindset in healthcare is constantly evolving to improve efficiency and communication. Such a change in attitudes towards, for example, a medical error is attributed to those who hope to decrease the number of fatal mistakes by addressing the prevailing and ultimately harmful culture of secrecy. Acknowledging this shift...

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Take a position on the idea that a non-M.D. (e.g., P.A., N.P.) can provide the same level of care as that of a doctor; or is it more of a case of getting what you pay for?

A doctor of medicine (M.D.) degree sets apart doctors from those who receive their credentials through other means. For some people, it may often act as an indicator of the quality of care provided. However, researchers from different countries conducted studies throughout the years and have found that non-M.D. providers...

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Discuss how to broach the subject of substance abuse with older adults.

Communication is the key method to raise awareness of substance abuse among older adults despite the complexity of such a discussion. Caring for older patients means discussing sensitive subjects, and substance abuse can be one of them. Patient education should be provided consistently and with the help of visual aids...

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Examine and discuss triggers for substance abuse in older adults.

Substance abuse is an overlooked healthcare issue as the addiction of individuals aged sixty-five and older are often underdiagnosed and underestimated, which prevents them from receiving the care they need. According to Kuerbis, Sacco, Blazer, and Moore, for alcohol abuse, the estimated prevalence among individuals aged sixty-five and older is...

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In a healthcare organization looking to create quality care utilizing transformative technology, which is more critical, having a good strategy or having a good chief information officer (CIO) to execute it? Can a good strategy overcome a poor CIO, or can a poor CIO overcome a good strategy?

The growing IT industry provides new solutions for the automatization of different business processes and performing calculations. Efficient use of IT is especially relevant in the field of medicine, where timing and accuracy are key elements. A good strategy and a capable chief information officer (CIO) are both needed to...

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Compose a one-page state legislator information sheet on nurse-patient staffing ratios for a busy legislator.

The present information sheet summarizes the potential benefits of enacting minimum nurse staffing requirements in the state. It provides a brief overview of research findings highlighting the key favorable outcomes of adequate nurse staffing. Proper nurse-patient ratios allow lowering workloads and improving work environments. As a result, nurses become able...

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How would you involve other nurses and potential patients (the public) in your advocacy strategies, i.e., petitions, meetings, social media, etc.?

To involve stakeholders in my advocacy strategies, I will primarily use social media and other online forums. Such traditional digital marketing techniques as the creation of a social media page dedicated to a problem of interest and active user interaction will allow mobilizing resources and increasing public awareness.

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How would you prepare yourself as a nurse to persuade a busy legislator, i.e., more education, organization memberships, etc.?

I will have to focus on the improvement of my technical and patient communication skills and all other areas of performance contributing to a better quality of nursing care. To obtain legitimate power, I will also need to become a member of some professional organizations. Organizational membership will verify my...

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Discuss the strategies and/or the “power(s)” you would use professionally and/or personally as a nurse to persuade a busy legislator.

Nurses occupy a unique position in the healthcare system and often become aware of the most urgent needs and interests of their patients faster than other health providers. As a nurse, I may use this knowledge as the main source of power in order to influence favorable changes in policies...

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Discuss effective preventive efforts for diabetes that must occur to yield health benefits.

Diabetes is a disease that often develops under the influence of bad habits and an improper lifestyle. In order to protect one’s body, it is important to make some efforts and monitor health indicators. Ely et al. offer to pay attention to the key preventive measures, in particular, a healthy...

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Discuss the key components of prevention effectiveness studies.

Since prevention is one of the significant aspects that determine the quality of health care, one should pay attention to the principles of studies associated with promoting timely diagnostic procedures and improving literacy. As the basic components required for such work, three methods of identification are to be supported —...

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Describe the four common causes of chronic diseases.

There are a number of aspects that become those factors that increase the risk of developing chronic diseases. Rappaport identifies genetic predisposition as one of the most common causes of severe health problems. The author argues that the tendency to some dangerous ailments, in particular, cancer and heart diseases, is...

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Examine the instructions you may have given to a client when the person is discharged from the hospital, emergency room, or following a routine visit to their health care provider. Compare the readability level of the instructions to the client’s educational level. What does this tell you about how easy it will be for the client to follow the instructions when at home? What other barriers to compliance would need to be considered?

The provision of effective patient education is among the key responsibilities of healthcare specialists. Apart from the content of instructions given to patients, the relationship between clients’ level of education and the lexical structure of materials should be considered to ensure compliance with self-care recommendations. To achieve success, healthcare professionals...

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Select two public health topics/issues you are interested in. Describe the topics/issues, impact on the public, and your role as a community/public health nurse.

Nurses are heavily involved in the prevention of violence and injury as the primary agents in public health initiatives. The American Public Health Organization recognizes the importance of policy but mainly employs a public health approach. For the second issue, the American Public Health Association promotes the education of parity,...

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Identify and discuss one of the Leading Health Indicators defined in the Healthy People 2020 initiative.

Individual behavior is critical for the patient’s wellbeing since the commitment to the doctor’s recommendations can make a difference between achieving health improvements or not. It is important to encourage healthy lifestyle choices, such as sticking to a proper diet, exercising, avoiding smoking and alcohol, and more. However, it may...

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Identify and discuss one of the Leading Health Indicators defined in the Healthy People 2020 initiative.

Numerous limitations stand in the way of providing adequate healthcare. It can be incredibly challenging if the patient has a certain dependency due to age or disability. The other problems that affect the accessibility of healthcare are the lack of medical facilities nearby and transportation difficulties. Such issues are to...

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Discuss why there is a need for innovation in the field of community/public health nursing.

It is highly essential to note that Public Health Nursing (PHN) appears to be an interdisciplinary practice that involves the research of professionals from distinctive majors. Therefore, there is a possibility to encounter a conflict of interests between two different representatives of particular fields which may lead to stagnation or...

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Discuss why there is a need for innovation in the field of community/public health nursing.

It is widely known that owing to the change of times and technology development, the solution methods for particular problems should be reconsidered too. Many habitual strategies which were used to receive information and educate individuals appear to be out-of-date, and there is a need for innovation in the field...

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Why is it important to conduct research on the topic of workforce issues and patient safety?

While it is clear that workforce issues determine the safety of patients, the intensity of such a correlation remains vague. The reason for that is poor sampling utilized by researchers. A sample must be representative of the whole population because only in this case research findings may apply to it....

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Why is it important to conduct research on the topic of workforce issues and patient safety?

For nurses, there is a constant need to stay informed about the current evidence to inform the choices they make. Usually, strategies to find the best available evidence include monitoring articles in peer-reviewed journals and participating in professional forums and conferences. However, the fact that an article was published in...

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Discuss factors that contribute to the incidence of pressure ulcers in order to improve patient outcomes.

Many researchers have approached the problem of pressure ulcers, but it persists in many hospitals and nursing homes. The interventions provided in the original post should create a sufficient framework for bed sores’ prevention. However, the existence of these plans and the low performance of many facilities pose a question...

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Discuss factors that contribute to the incidence of pressure ulcers in order to improve patient outcomes.

The approach to resolving the issue of pressure ulcers from the perspective of nursing education seems to be accepted in many works of nursing literature. The finding that the time that nurses spend with patients may be connected to the appearance or prevention of bedsores reveals some interesting questions. It...

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Discuss the media advertisements that were presented to attract the interest of older adults by promising a safer environment or additional conveniences, or by playing on their feelings of compassion for children or those with disabilities.

Older adults represent a target audience of interest for advertisers because they have a lower degree of marketing intolerance. This makes them more likely to believe commercials that promise a ‘quick fix’ in terms of health as well as any other suggestions. Thus, when advertisers develop commercials, they ensure that...

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