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ISO 9000 and the Capability Maturity Model would be of value for my organization because programmers use reference materials to verify and to reinforce what they know, and also to refresh their memories when they need to recall something they haven’t used in a while. Programmers use examples not simply...
In software development, quality is the main priority of the company. Specific standards and specifications help programmers to follow high quality and meet the needs and demands of the customers. Typically, a programmer starts to work from a written specification (or spec, as it is commonly known). A specification is...
An organization cannot become too bureaucratic because the aim of TQM is to gain improvements in services and products provided. TQM helps to provide continual feedback and constant identification of errors, but the programmers still need to figure out which errors are being identified. A working program is like a...
In some situations, the critical path method tends to be longer than expected but rarely shorter than expected. This process can be explained by the nature of the critical path methods themselves. The critical path methods help managers and programmers to find the best possible way for project completion. Programmers...
The network sketch of the project is useful because it provides the project team with a clear structure and design of the project. The main methods used by project managers are networks. There are elements that enforce similarity across programs besides those inherent in the structure of any given programming...
In my organization, critical path analysis is based on synthesis and analysis. This is not self-evident; it is also not always true. Especially if a program is built up from small sections, like Henry’s prototype, there may not be an overall design by the time it has grown into a...
In my organization, project managers practice both leveling and smoothing. In the same way, that capacity may be something of an elastic quantity, so too overall IT implementation schedules may be treated with a certain amount of flexibility. While ‘as soon as possible’ is a general practice, IT projects are...
Resource leveling and smoothing help my organization to save resources and deliver the best possible quality of the product. Because of the complexity of most IT projects and because of their need to gain user approval at frequent milestones, it is important to have from the outset an extremely detailed...
The selected citizen science project for this paper is Debris Tracker. Its objective is to inform more people about how debris from one local region travels to another. Individuals who gather, share, and analyze emerging information about debris can help scientists find sustainable solutions. The group or organization operating this...
The studied project helps the user get detailed meaning of science. Specifically, it identifies it as a practical activity whereby participants can analyze the natural or physical environment. The emerging insights from experimentation and observation will help formulate solutions to some of the recorded challenges. This kind of framing enables...
The project does a good job of introducing the citizen as the intended user. The visitor is guided and convinced that he or she is a member of the scientific community. Consequently, the approach encourages the individuals to become more involved and identify some of the sources of debris and...
The Debris Tracker project embraces epistemic practices to help more people learn more about debris. The first one I am invited to engage in is that of responding to random questions. The responses revolve around the presence and challenges of debris. The second one is that the project provides additional...
The Debris Tracker project provides a number of approaches for public engagement. All such measures are evidence-based and could help transform the natural environment and minimize the challenges of pollution. The first example is that there is general information that describes the nature of pollution and how it affects the...
Personally, I feel that my decision to explore the Debris Tracker Project website amounts to a scientific contribution. Having completed various activities and considered new ways to promote conservation measures, I have gained new insights that would be replicated in different settings to address the recorded challenges. I will go...
Communication has been fastened to the level where activities such as ordering pizza, sharing photos, and videos are instant using electronic devices. The Internet has prompted learning and research in higher educational institutions. The Internet has enhanced how we interact with friends, family, and couples. Everyone is connected to a...
In many organizations, the human resource departments are never satisfied with the information that the potential employee provides, and this forces them to go an extra mile in order to identify the real character of an individual. This implies that they might check the profile of an individual on Facebook...
Computers and their related software have several effects, some being positive while others are negative. One of the negative effects is related to physical health since it makes people, especially children, forget about physical activities, which attracts diseases that are likely to bring about heart failure, obesity, and so on....
People see technology as a means of progress and the creation of a moral society. Thus, television is one of the ways to learn more about the world. However, some say that it is also a tool used to control people. One of the brightest examples of a pessimistic view...
There are many ways to analyze and model data in modern programming. One of the oldest and most fundamental ways is the traditional structured approach. The structured approach is made for “procedural problems where the overall objective is clear and in which the requirements are well defined”. An object-oriented approach,...
First of all, we should define creativity. Creativity is the ability to create something new by using innovative or unusual approaches. In most cases, creativity comes from the specific vision of a situation and the ability to analyze it from a different angle. For the business world, creativity ensures the...
It is evident that one of the most important reasons why technology is not adopted in the US healthcare industry revolves around the slow pace of implementing technological innovations that could bring down healthcare costs and streamline administrative efficiencies. The other most important reason revolves around the high costs of...
The statistical analysis comprises four basic data measurement levels subjected to two major types of variables such as categorical and continuous. Accordingly, the categorical type of variables includes nominal and ordinal levels of measurement, while the continuous/scale type includes interval and ratio data measurement scales. They represent how to sub-categorize...
The National Society for Legal Technology (NLST) website has enabled me to learn lots of software programs, which has enhanced my skills in solving different problems. I enjoy this software because it allows me to work on tasks I can manage and new and challenging tasks. This makes me like...
Ordinal and nominal data both represent qualitative data. However, the critical difference between these two types implies that nominal data can only be classified according to the names and arranged into classes or categories. Ordinal data, in turn, can be categorized and ordered. Concerning the quantitative data, both ratio and...
Although available literature demonstrates that histograms and normal distribution curves show the whole distribution and help us to make sense of data by making the inference much easier and more accurate, there is a need for assistance in this area so as to understand the dynamics of histograms and normal...
Advantages of the MYOB accounting software include even alignment of the journal list of options in the banking set of choices. This makes it easy to enter the GST amounts. Moreover, it offers the option to store accounts in numerous locations. Hence, various company files are saved simultaneously. Finally, the...
The MYOB accounting software reports are easy to customise. Moreover, the software can publish and send an email the reports to customers. Lastly, the software has the ability to support transactions in different currencies, handle and produce records from the company’s activities, and support the process of determining tax.
Yes. The MYOB accounting software can be integrated with other enterprise-wide applications. The MYOB accounting software integrates enterprise-wide applications add-on. The integrated add-on helps to improve the results obtained from the MYOB accounting software by including new features in the result like the company logo and changing the location of...
The MYOB accounting software released by the MYOB Company after 2011 are customisable and can support business expansion, while the software released before 2011 do not adapt to business changes and cannot support growing businesses. Accordingly, Simon states the MYOB Premier software, the MYOB accounting software released before 2011, was...
The MYOB accounting software stores significant business information, which needs protection as described below. Graphical Interface The graphical interface, the icon for desktop users, opens the inventorys file window to enable selecting the option labelled data backup. On selecting the option labelled data backup, a window named company file backup...
For an information system to run well, it requires various personnel to play various roles and give services; for instance, in the case of sales, it is comprised of IT personnel like an IT manager, network administrator, programmer /software trainer, Web Administrator, Systems support/Helpdesk. IT Manager An IT manager can...
Active detection occurs when an automatic response is taken to detect an intrusion on the network. It may involve increasing the sensitivity level of the detection, which collects additional information about the intruder or the attacker on the network. Passive detection merely logs the intruder and notifies someone by email...
Types of Remote Access Control This technology allows information and technology professionals (IT) to do administrative work and users to perform responsibilities on their computers. This work is done as a local task. It is most useful in troubleshooting a computer problem used by a customer. It prevents time wastage...
Big corporations, government institutions, hospitals, and the military are among the bodies which possess great volumes of confidential information about their employees and all the stakeholders involved. Most of this information is collected and has been stored in computers. It can also be transmitted across computers either through the internet...
Since the 1980s, before the inception of the information age, ethical issues such as confidentiality, trustworthiness, and moral responsibility were not of great concern. Everything in the world was done manually, and the typewriter was the most advanced equipment. At that age, sharing confidential information was not that easy since...
Database refers to a collection of closely related information presented in an organized manner for easy access and retrieval. The backup plan would be as follows. All the clients’ particulars (names, location, order information, quantity, and address) should be entered in the Access Database, which will be scrutinized to reduce...
Yes. I do agree with the technical approach of having all the data concerning the particulars of the vendors and the available products stored at a central server of the organization. This is because of the following reasons. Information concerning vendors and products will be organized and will be stored...
Computer security is not guaranteed by not sharing resources and connecting to the internet. Compromises between security and usefulness are as follows. Communication links provided by the internet have enabled quick, cheap, and efficient modes of instant exchange of information with individuals irrespective of their locations worldwide. The internet has...
I would pick one of the best pictures of the company showing at least three-quarters of the company and the surrounding compound and edit the picture using graphics software as follows. Enlarge the picture within a reasonable percentage, introduce labels within the picture using arrows and label heads, identifying each...
Filtering harmful materials on the internet, especially to what our children access, is one of the most important content controls on the internet. It allows the parents and also other guardians to control the materials which the children access on the internet since most of them are interested in viewing...
The security of the Automatic Teller Machine is very paramount since it guarantees the security of the money of bank customers. The advancement in information technology has been accompanied by greater insecurity issues. The ATM systems should ensure that they employ the CIA triad principals appropriately to enhance their security....
There exist various definitions of electrical coupling the common definition is: a system whereby a connector is made to allow the transfer of energy among different circuits so that energy flows continuously. Electrical coupling also refers to the transmission of electrical energy from one circuit segment to another. For example,...
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is a computer connection access strategy in which: a carrier detecting scheme is deployed, then a data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame, sends forth a jam signal, and then delays the next release only to resend the frame...
Innovativeness that can support change within a system should have been derived from thorough research work; to determine whether individual research reports quality to have a quality that can be relied on to implement change the best way of testing is having pilot surveys and testing. Under this process, the...
It is definite that information technology is advancing at a very fast rate to match the needs of contemporary society. Human survival encompasses a variety of issues such as power, food, social connectedness, and other convenient luxuries that make life interesting. For a long time, people have relied on information...
Electronic commerce is a new way of conducting business transactions over the internet. In this case, it has the ability to radically transform an economy, community involved, businesses, and culture. Economically, electronic commerce affects the market trade in which businesses are conducted. In this case, it enhances new ways of...
Social computing can be termed as the medium used by marketers and consumers to the network through the internet. Such examples include Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. There are several benefits associated with social computing. For instance, it acts as a platform that fosters communication and conveyance of information in an...
IT systems such as computers, personal digital assistants, motion, smoke and fire sensors, pool alarms, home alarms, and security cameras have become common household necessities that communicate simpler, faster, and better by enhancing security and accessibility in both social and business fields. Besides, unlike the use of hi-tech computer programs,...
The Sonny gaming network is one of the recent victims of cyberattacks. The attack involved resulted in the exposure of credit card numbers of thousands of sonny clients globally. The move was motivated to rob the Sonny customers of their money. The report indicated that more than 12,700 clients’ credit...
Contemporary information systems comprise three main dimensions required to empower businesses with the appropriate solutions. The first dimension is organisations, which basically assumes that any information system should be designed to meet organisational structure, needs, and business objectives. The organisational structure suggests that there is a clear division of responsibilities...
Based on the case study of Jurong Health Services, the following managerial and organisational decisions helped to succeed in IT transformation. Among organisational decisions, the first is a transformational change in healthcare through the use of innovative information technologies that will improve commitment to patients as key customers while realising...
The network layer is the most vulnerable part of TCP/IP in terms of its functionality. In most cases, network layers are where the Internet protocol and internet control message protocol are situated. The use of ICMP is to give reliable information, while IP is applied in virtually every communication within...
Windows security was initiated in the early years of computer usage, especially for personal computers, which did not place much thought on network connections. This means that they had no specific security features built in the beginning. However, when internet communication was gaining root in the early 1990s, Windows NT...
One of the best software products one should have installed on his or her PC is the antivirus and anti-spyware. This is because viruses and other security threats like malware and spyware can transform your PC by changing its settings without your knowledge of what is happening, hence hindering its...
IP stands for Internet Protocol, whose address is a figure that distinctively categorizes a computer on a Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network. The IP network makes it possible for packets to be addressed to this computer. Subnetting can be defined as the system of subdividing an existing physical network...
Routing is a term used in reference to the practice of controlling as well as moving a given packet of data across a desirable network. There are two forms of algorithms that find use in routing: dynamic and static routing. A routing table is a file or database that stores...
Automated tested is a process whereby a computer application is tested for errors or the extent to which it delivers the functionalities of the user using software designed specifically for that purpose. Test preconditions are used as input and the end results are report utility. This testing does not look...
The use of Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) in the supply chain might seem long overdue to some people, yet to others, it is a brand-new idea that could work. To others, this is a working system in their businesses. RFID is a system that typically has a tag/label bearing...
Since it will be possible to pay for goods or services using the RFID, there will be reduced costs incurred. This will be from the fact that now almost everything will be done in a manner likely to suggest a self-service. However, most importantly, there is a non-stop annual increase...
CSMA/CD is an algorithm for transmission where each node listens to the medium to check if the medium is idle. Once it is detected that the medium is idle, the node begins transmission. However, if during transmission the node detects a collision, the node sends a jam signal that notifies...
Multiprotocol Label Switching, also known as MPLS, is a method that is widely used in high-performance telecommunication networks to transmit data from one node on a network to another. This protocol was designed mainly to improve on the weaknesses inherent in the ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode architecture. The ATM...
When utilizing the CSMA/CD algorithm to manage the collision of packets on a network, a common feature is the use of a jam signal, typically 48 bits, to ensure all other transmitting stations are aware of the collision. Once this signal is received by the other stations, they all wait...
CSMA/CD is a terminology used to define an intelligent way of sending data on a network known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. This method was popularly used in bus networks though currently, it is the application has reduced owing to better methods. In this method, a transmitting...
In networking, the physical machines must be organized in a manner that allows the devices to communicate. In the bus topology, all the devices are connected to a single communication backbone. Each device sends any information to the bus and receives information from the bus. Messages on the bus are...
In a network, when a node needs to transmit data to another node, a mechanism must exist to ensure the link is idle. If the node sends data on a busy link, a collision will likely occur, and the data lost. This process is handled via Random Access Protocols such...
Within the scope of networking, multicast is a simultaneous delivery of data to a group of computers from a single transmission. Among the most common application that utilizes this includes internet-based streaming media and internet television. In IP multicast, the process is handled at the routing level, where routers prepare...
The iterative nature of Djikstra’s algorithm causes it to be costly, especially where the number of nodes is large and may vary, as is the case in modern Wi-Fi networks. Owing to this, other algorithms have been developed to compute network paths. One such algorithm is the distance vector algorithm...
A protocol is a defined set of rules that governs a procedure. In the case of the internet, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP is used to define the format of communication between entities and the actions to be taken upon receipt of the communication. This ensures that no conflict...
P2P architecture began to proliferate on the internet relatively recently owing to the need to share data. The main characteristic of P2P networks is that they do not rely directly on the services of an always on server. The end systems usually communicate directly, and peers are intermittently connected and...
In the transportation of data from one point to the next, it is important that the shortest path between two nodes x and y be established. This path will ensure the completion of the task with the most efficient use of resources. This link state-based routing uses Djikstra’s algorithm to...
In day-to-day communication, a typical conversation involves a prompt response. Similarly, networked devices also require a similar mechanism to ensure there are no errors. This is the concept behind ACK and NAK used to define Acknowledgement and Negative Acknowledgement in the process of transporting a message from one point to...
TCP or Transport Control Protocol is concerned with the provision of services associated with the transport layer in OSI architecture. The protocol handles the procedure of conveyance of data from one point to the next. This suggests that TCP is connection-oriented, and for this reason, the protocol also handles initiation...
The TCP handles the data between the two points. In accomplishing this, constraints such as varying speeds of the devices communicating can result in issues along the communication line. Flow control is the method of assessing how much data to send based on the rate at which the receiver accepts...
To understand the role of pure ALOHA and slotted ALOHA, it is important to consider the role of MAC protocols. MAC or Medium Access Control is a mechanism that is used to assign a unique address to a piece of network hardware. This is accomplished by the data link layer...
In Wi-Fi networks, collision detection is somewhat complicated since there may be an active node that is idle. Because of this, it is difficult to assume that the channel for transmission is idle as this idle node may begin transmission and cause a collision. To solve this problem, the sender...
In this era of mobile internet, a major component in the network is the Mobile Switching Center (MSC), whose primary service is the routing of calls and data services. It is through this center that end-to-end connection services, handover, and mobility requirements are handled. This center is useful in locating...
On network security of data being transmitted is a major concern given that the data is carried on public communication channels. This suggests that if the data can be intercepted by the wrong people, there can be untold damage. In public-key cryptography today, the most popular method to achieve this...
Real-Time Streaming Protocol or RTSP is a protocol associated with the client-server application control protocol. The protocol is mainly used for repositioning with regards to streaming media retrieved over a communication channel. Among the uses of this protocol include functions such as rewinding, fast-forwarding, pausing, and resumption of media access....
Having set up a connection and initiated the session, there appears to be a need for some mechanism to ensure quality is maintained across the network. The link capacity must be maintained and the QoS function to ensure the tasks undertaken can be completed using the available resources. The QoS...
It is important to provide some form of management on a network to control the resources available to meet real-time, operational, and Quality of Service requirements at a reasonable cost. This management includes deployment, hardware integration and coordination, software, and human elements with a view to testing, polling configuration, analysis,...
There were six central issues with the Vasa project. The king (user) altered the initial specifications when the project had already advanced, and the project manager Hybertson was unable to accommodate these new requirements. The project manager had no provision for making additions or adjustments to the initial specifications. The...
The following lessons can be learned from the sinking of Vasa: Projects must be planned and advanced in phases that can be reviewed if necessary. The phases here will ensure that the reviews only affect the targeted parts of the overall project for review. A monolithic piece would be cumbersome...
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a conceptual framework within the project management setup that identifies the main tasks to be performed, their predecessors, and likely duration. This work breakdown structure is drawn on the assumption that some tasks will proceed sequentially, whereas others will be carried out concurrently. The...
The XP methodology focuses on what the programmer does. Programmer productivity, therefore, remains the most appropriate method of estimation for the XP approach, which advocates the most appropriate environment for the programmer to perform at their peak. This approach allows the developer to take up the task they can appropriately...
The extreme programming (XP) approach advocates the deliberate delay of certain system features until the time that they are needed. There is also a high expectation of changes in the user requirement even as the project progresses, implying that the problem can be understood better. Extreme programming (XP) encourages frequent...
The work breakdown structure identifies the tasks, resources, and estimated duration of each task. This information enables us to draw the estimated costs and schedule of the project. When the tasks are identified, and their duration and dependencies identified, the cost and budget for the project can be derived. Taking...
The benefits that accrue from iterative project development processes can now be studied because of improved documentation. Improved programmer productivity means more reliable systems being built which results in profitability. More firms are now employing these iterative processes to re-engineer or develop their systems. A project development approach that allows...
The importance of the five whys technique is it gradually uncovers the core of the problem in a step-by-step fashion. The symptoms revealed could be misleading and inappropriate for the project team in identifying the source of a problem. This could be a result of the level of expertise of...
It has been suggested that brainstorming sessions are not important for quality management and control. These brainstorming sessions can be productive in the stages of design and data collection. In the context of quality management, it has been reported that brainstorming can have some negative effects. This is because domination...
The importance of quality circles arises from the fact that they can be used to provide clear information to end-users. A quality circle is essentially a group of nonsupervisory staff volunteering to conduct independent studies on how to improve processes associated with work. Given that the best source of information...
Pareto analysis is important since it simplifies the process of problem identification and classification. This technique incorporates the use of a graph or diagrammatic representation to identify and prioritize problem areas. This form of analysis is sometimes referred to as the 80-20 rule, suggesting that 80% of problems are often...
Ping is a program that is used to test if there is a complete network connection from the server to the computer. The process of testing such connections is known as pinging. When the program is started, it sends a message to the distant computer and waits for a response....
A real system always operates within its boundary. It does not require any interaction with its environment, and all the components within the system interrelate to meet the overall system objective without any outside help. As compared to a real system, an open system requires interaction with its environment to...
Network administrators and designers should investigate the following issues: The network size – this is concerning the computers and people using the computers. The network designers should consider the size requirements provided by the company building the network. The size determines the type of network. For instance, a small location...
The network access layer deals with the sharing of resources between a computer and its network. A computer must specify the network address of the remote computer before establishing a connection. There are specific standards used in this layer for packet switching, circuit switching, and local area networks. The transport...
The essential criteria for a data communications network are performance, security, and reliability. Performance is concerned with how data is transmitted without error. It is determined by the response time, which is the time taken between the end of placing a request and the beginning of a reply. Performance is...
A network system contains hardware and software components that enable users and computers to share resources such as files and devices. The following are the various components of a network system: Nodes: these are the computers or devices attached to the network. The nodes can send and receive data within...
Cell: this is a small component of the data packet, of about 53 bytes for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Data cells contain entity identifier, entity type, and attribute type and value. Thus, cells contain information about characteristics, entities, relationships, and the expected data format for identifying the. Data cells are...
There are two types of memory, namely the Random Access Memory (RAM) and the hard disk. Random Access Memory stores information temporarily before it is sent to the hard disk. It is computer data storage that uses integrated circuits that store data that can be accessed later. RAM is volatile...
It is possible to use a single USB port to both scan and print. This only happens if the computer is very fast. You only require attaching one SignaLink USB to each USB port and running different communication programs at the same time.