From experienced academic experts. In any field of study
We know that the education model in universities has recently shifted from passive lectures to active self-learning, and students struggle to adapt. We also know that test anxiety creates many issues in both the short and the long term.
Students tend to prepare for tests during the period immediately before the exam and on their eve. They also report high levels of test anxiety, especially in health care education, which is highly stressful. Schedule-based study preparation may help them reduce their apprehension and improve their performance.
Scheduled study preparation reduces students’ test anxiety and improves their academic performance.
The authors review literature that claims that test anxiety reduces test results and that self-efficacy improves them. They hypothesize that low self-efficacy and high test anxiety will lead to worse single test results than high self-efficacy and low test anxiety and that self-efficacy moderates the effects of test anxiety. The...
Test anxiety is a complex and significant issue that affects most or all students. Self-efficacy is also valuable, as it can improve test results and general academic performance. However, the two are not related and operate independently, possibly due to the former’s severity precluding any moderators.
a. Test anxiety reduces a student’s grade in single tests depending on its severity.b. Self-efficacy improves a person’s self-opinion and confidence and lets them perform better academically.c. Both factors can affect a student’s test performance simultaneously, and there is a negative relationship between the two.d. Self-efficacy does not moderate the...
a. Student perception and confidence in their performance are essential for their success in tests alongside studying.b. Additionally, self-efficacy does not reduce test anxiety in students, suggesting that the issue does not have any significant moderators.
We know that test anxiety causes significant underperformance among students. We also know that self-efficacy improves their results, though the relationship between the two influences is unclear.
Self-efficacy improves people’s opinions of their capabilities and performance, reducing their negative emotional response to tests and improving their results as a consequence.
Test anxiety reduces test performance, but improved self-efficacy can help students resolve it and achieve better results.
I can’t entirely agree with this perspective because justice can be established in society or community by its members by themselves without the need for authority. Justice established and enforced by an authority is not always necessarily representative of the concept of justice but rather the will of an authority....
It isn’t easy to consider such aspects of morality, merit, and ethics since the scenario can as easily affect a loved one. This overarching perception will differ depending on the actors involved. I believe that social and moral worth should be taken into consideration but to an extent. If a...
Selecting political leaders based on merit is a highly valuable suggestion since the democratic process has proven to be highly ideological or partisan. Democracy, particularly its modern forms, is an inherently flawed process. Voting is driven by significant bias, impulsive decision-making and often lacks evaluation of candidates it is meant...
Plato’s approach does have some merit since testing citizens early on can help identify very talented individuals or highlight characteristics in young people that can be trained to make them better professionals. While Plato’s vision does depend on people following their calls in life, it can be argued that realistically...
Plato’s Just society would be a perfectly balanced utopia on all levels. Society would be divided into three classes of guardians, auxiliaries, and craftsmen, with each performing key duties and loving their jobs while remaining equal in status. Plato’s idea of a just society consists of individuals fulfilling their role...
I agree that justice does not exist outside of the authority structure. First of all, it is doubtful that justice can be objective since different people have drastically dissimilar views on what is right and wrong regarding punishments. Without authorities to produce and enforce rules, society will likely adhere to...
To me, it is appropriate to consider social and moral worth when making decisions concerning transplants in case of disasters, crises, and similar difficult situations involving massive risks. For instance, if some society’s survival depends on a particular invention, it is reasonable to give preference to a person who works...
In many instances, we reward professionals representing our society and fulfill important functions according to their merit and actual achievements instead of summarizing all people’s opinions about such specialists and their abilities. As Plato suggests, children with the leadership potential can become the representatives of the guardians (the upper class)...
Plato’s proposition concerning testing can help to understand one’s natural talents better and detect prerequisites to success in some activities. However, the results of such tests are unlikely to be enough to make the best career choices possible. The reason for their limited effectiveness is that a person’s key areas...
According to Plato’s famous idea, a just society can be built emphasizing merit and reason. The existence of Plato’s just society is impossible without attempts to make people adhere to accepted standards. It limits citizens’ opportunity to express their individual perspectives and differentiate themselves from the crowd since Plato sees...
It goes without saying that different American states have different economic conditions, costs of living, and local governance systems. All these factors have a massive influence on the minimum wage rates across the country. The District of Columbia has the highest minimum wage of $13.25, while almost 20 states have...
As the unemployment rate in the United States currently remains at historically low levels, for multiple companies, the recruiting and retaining of qualified workers became highly essential. Various logistic companies and retailers invest in competitive wages and career development for their employees. Some of the retailers offer expensive vacations, gift...
In June, Target’s minimum hourly wage for all new and current employees is increasing to $13. This pay rise is a part of the company’s goal to reach $15 an hour in 2020. In 2017, Target announced its three-year plan to increase the minimum hourly wage from $10 to $15,...
Bones, which comprise the greater part of the skeletal system, are generally in a state of constant renewal. This renewal happens through the processes of modeling when the bone is formed at one site and broken in another, and remodeling when the bone tissue is broken and formed again in...
Skeletal and integumentary systems each have their purpose as well as the conjoint ones. The human skeleton has two primary functions: first, it provides support for the body in its entirety, and, secondly, it acts as the body’s storehouse for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. The integumentary system forms the...
Integumentary and skeletal systems are interconnected and both essential for maintaining bone health. The inability to maintain homeostasis between them may lead to several bone diseases, including osteoporosis. In osteoporosis, the normal functioning of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is impaired due to several factors, leading to increased bone fragility and, while...
Women’s health is a relatively new field that raises a variety of questions about the promotion of positive health outcomes, effective education, and prevention of diseases among female patients. Despite the fact that many people like to think that the skeletal systems of men and women are almost similar, it...
It is strongly recommended for any medical worker to know about bones, their names, and their locations. There are 206 bones in an adult skeleton that are classified as per their shapes and functions. For example, the awareness of this variety of the skeletal system enhances a better and faster...
Melanin and keratin are found in the outer layer of the skin and contribute to the development of skin and hair. Melanin is a pigment that is produced by a melanocyte cell to determine the tone of hair and skin. Keratin is a protein that is produced by a keratinocyte...
The integumentary system represents the skin and its structures, the aim of which is to protect the human body. There are multiple layers of cells and tissues in the skin, with blood vessels and nerve fibers supporting the connection with the brain. Betts et al. identified three major layers of...
If it is probable, try to interact with the woman as much as possible and talk about her unique life, memorize her successes and accentuate wins. Older people need support, and you can help to ensure her that she lived a great life and contributed much to her community. You...
You need to inform the man that “having a stable marriage has also been found to contribute to well-being throughout adulthood.” Everything he may feel is typical of his age because he suffers from realizing changes in his physical state and health. It is advisable to initiate conversations about his...
It is important for a two-year girl to “develop a sense of independence.” You need just allow her to choose clothes she wants to wear and provide her with more independence when dressing if she wants. Conflicts can be the result of her eagerness to address her personal wishes. These...
Bullying is an attempt to demonstrate one’s power if other methods are not effective. At the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority, children require to be successful in some activities to win their peers’ attention. You can discuss your son’s hobbies and the areas in which he wants to succeed to...
The first step to complete is to discuss the situation with your son to understand the origins of the conflict, and the second step is to contact the teacher and parents to discuss the problem. Bullying can be a result of certain problems in these boys’ interactions because the other...
Teenagers are more interested in the opinion of their respected peers. Thus, “peer relationships become a central focus in adolescents’ lives.” At this age, teenagers think they can make significant decisions, but the level of their reasoning is still low. It is possible to recommend the discussion of the situation...
Following Erikson’s conclusions on children’s development, your child does not try to be active during P.E. lessons because he probably has some problems, and peers maybe laugh at him. Thus, “children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up.” To overcome this problem, it is...
This behavior is typical of Erikson’s stage of development known as Industry vs. Inferiority. A child prefers activities in which he demonstrates good results because of the impact of his success on self-confidence. Feeling incompetent in Math, he does not focus on this activity because of the sense of inferiority....
Infants spend much time exploring the world around them; therefore, they try everything they see with the help of different senses. This process is extremely important and should not be blocked in most cases. Thus, it is a normal practice for this developmental stage, and to avoid reaching or tasting...
Egocentrism is typical of infants, as they believe that “everyone sees, thinks, and feels just as they do.” Children perceive their parents as belonging to them, and this situation can cause mothers’ exhaustion. In this situation, a child cannot realize the importance of the mother’s conversation. Therefore, you need help,...
It is possible to explain that a kind of fear of strangers is typical of children of that age. Thus, “babies may demonstrate this by crying and turning away from a stranger, by clinging to a caregiver.” Infants require more caregivers’ attention than other children, according to Piaget’s theory, and...
A study by Puliese et al. focused on lactate threshold intensity training in master swimmers. The swimmers performed two 6-week training periods, the first with high volume at low intensity while the next period was the low volume at high intensity. The study found that in master swimmers, a 33%...
Lactate threshold training is a training method meant to increase an individual’s intensity endurance performance, thus raising the blood lactate threshold. While VO2max has some influence from genetics and natural athleticism, the lactate threshold can be raised manually through proper training. Having a high VO2max without a good lactate threshold...
VO2max is the maximum volume of oxygen the body can deliver to muscles at work per minute. The lactate threshold along VO2max is considered the most responsive physiological indicator to endurance training and physical efficiency. Therefore, dependent on the level of training, the lactate threshold occurs at different levels. For...
Lactate threshold is a common term used by athletes, coaches, and sports medicine professionals but it remains highly disputed on its exact definition. Lactate threshold is commonly referred to as the level of high-intensity exercise, which leads to increase lactate levels that can only be sustained for a period of...
The case under analysis can be seen as an illustration of the way exceptions can be applied to the at-will doctrine. According to at-will contracts, the employer can terminate the contract without mentioning any reason for that. Although these contracts are often criticized, they are common in the healthcare setting,...
In the case of Dutta v. St. Francis Reg’l Med. Ctr., the words “mutually acceptable” were not ambiguous. The phrase related to the process of hiring while Dr. Dutta was notified that she had no permission to use the facility and equipment several months after Tan has been hired. The...
For smokers, the choice of the contraceptive method is impacted by the fact that the use of combined pills, along with the constant tobacco income, might precondition the development of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, one of the possible options is the use of mini-pills as they are safe for...
Speaking about combination pills, it is critical to remember that the high effectiveness of the selected measure can be achieved only if all recommendations are followed and there are no rude violations. For this reason, patient-centered education is critical for the achievement of positive outcomes. First, the patient should be...
From the given medical history, one can understand that the patient does not have any serious restrictions against the use of birth control pills. It means that the client can be recommended various methods of contraception that might be convenient for her. First of all, so-called combination pills can be...
As an aesthetics theorist, Hume suggested that the evaluation of beauty and art is inherently subjective, and this reasonable premise resulted in some questionable conclusions. From this perspective, art is defined by the subjective response that it evokes in humans, and Hume stated that some humans could be described as...
Aristotle valued tragedy; he viewed it as beneficial for humans due to its purging effect, which he defined as catharsis. According to him, tragedies tended to evoke negative emotions, including, for example, fear. Aristotle believed that experiencing such emotions during a tragedy resulted in being purged of them and learning...
The institutional theory of art, which emerged from Danto’s ideas, highlights an essential aspect of art and its framing. In particular, this theory emphasizes the role of the art world, which consists of art-related environments, theories about art, and the communities of people who are involved in art. Asavei states...
To determine if an art object has to perform a function, it is necessary to discuss the functions that art can have. If functions are limited to a form of practical use, art objects do not have to be useful. Indeed, they can be valued, for example, for having an...
The idea of connecting art with the expression of feelings has its merits, but it isn’t easy to agree with it fully. On the one hand, it can be claimed that some art (for example, expressionist pieces) is based on that premise. However, this approach is restrictive and exclusionary due...
Hume’s theory of taste presumes there is an objective value to pieces of art defined by a standard of taste, and some individuals are more keenly aware of what constitutes good or bad art. This theory could have earned him a deserved reputation of a snob if he perceived taste...
Aristotle believed that tragedy has the potential to cleanse the human soul and raise it to new heights. According to the philosopher, it did that by evoking fear and pity among the audience. The point of evoking them was causing catharsis – a sense of spiritual cleansing obtained through witnessing...
Arthur Danto’s institutional theory of art holds that social institutions – namely, the “art world” – are the ultimate authority in judging what constitutes a piece of art. Some object to this notion by pointing out that it only leads to ad hoc conclusions on whether something is art or...
The notion of function in art is inseparable from the perception of art by the audience. Art is only sensible as long as someone embraces and absorbs it – and perceiving art usually involves assigning it some function. Kant argued that “to function in the world to achieve our human...
The expression theory claims that the primary purpose of art is to communicate emotions to the audience. It has a valid point: after all, a purely intellectual work that does not stir anyone’s feelings belongs to the realm of science or philosophy rather than art. However, one must also be...
Unit labor cost was calculated by dividing wage by output per hour. The wage rate of $18 minimizes unit labor cost. Wage Output per hour Unit labor cost, $ $10 15 0,6667 $12 30 0,4 $14 42 0,3333 $16 52 0,3077 $18* 60 0,3 $20 66 0,303 $22 70 0,3143...
Smith refers to collusion, which occurs when two companies in an oligopoly make an agreement to fix their prices to maximize their profits. This usually happens when there are a few companies in the industry. If one company raises its prices, customers will go to its competitor. But if two...
Keynes states that our ability to make a long-term evaluation of investment is very poor because we do not have the necessary knowledge. Implications of what he says may be the need to use the concepts of net present value and future present value when evaluating the yield from an...
Three major forms of capitalist competition are price competition, breakthroughs, and monopoly power. In price competition, companies attempt to attract customers by offering products equivalent to those of their competitors but at a lower price. Thus, companies that use price competition strategy decrease the price of output by decreasing either...
The rate of profit is calculated by dividing the total profit by the value of the capital goods owned by a company: r=R/K In turn, the total profit R can be calculated using the following formula: R=PzZ – PmM – wH where PzZ is total sales, PmM is the cost...
A contract is an agreement between two parties that commit themselves to take a certain action, such as delivering goods or making a payment. A complete contract is the one in which parties have specified their rights and duties for all types of future events. In other words, there are...
The first assumption is that people have rational preferences among outcomes. The second assumption is that while each person maximizes utility, companies tend to maximize their profits. The third assumption is that individuals act separately and are guided by credible and full information in their decisions.
There is no difference between Pareto optimality and Pareto efficiency, and these terms can be used interchangeably. Pareto optimality, or Pareto efficiency, is when there is no way of redistributing the goods in a more efficient way without making someone worse off.
Mariana will start an online business positioned in her apartment. For the first time, she will produce soap in small quantities, so there will be no need to take a loan. Her savings will be enough to buy the required variable materials (fats, alkali, fragrance, and essential oils) and fixed...
The demand curve can move upwards during inflation when money loses its value, and the demand is inelastic. For example, the gas would increase in price during inflation, yet people would be ready to pay a higher price for the same quantity because gas has very few substitutes.
a. If the orange crop freezes, supply decreases from S1 to S2, and demand D remains unchanged. As a result, the equilibrium price will increase, and the equilibrium quantity will decrease (shown below). b. If a scientific study has proven that orange juice is good for people, demand will increase...
Accumulation is an investment that is aimed at increasing profit and includes gathering, processing, and exploiting the inputs that are required in capitalist production and in selling the output. It is generally considered that accumulation forms the basis of capitalism. Accumulation depends on a number of factors, including a change...
Determinants of the profit rate are the output price, the materials cost per unit of output, and the labor cost per unit of output. The government can alter the profit rate by implementing a law that requires companies to use ecologically friendly materials, which will increase the materials cost per...
I think that Gandhi’s statement contradicts the very essence of property rights. People who made a medical discovery would like to be empowered to control their intellectual property and decide who uses it. Depriving a person of his or her right to that intellectual property would be unfair as it...
a. Firstly, one needs to calculate the total product, which is the number of bushels of grain that are produced each week. Given that the community does 1000 hours of work each week and it takes 10 hours for each worker to make 1 bushel, the total number of bushels...
It is possible to say that capitalism changed almost every aspect of society. Firstly, capitalism has spurred continuous technological innovations and scientific advancements. With the proliferation of capitalism, old ideas and tools quickly became obsolete and were replaced by new tools and new ideas. For example, at the beginning of...
Major creative accounting scandals in the United States during the financial crisis of 2008-2009 are associated with Lehman Brothers, the Madoff Investment Securities, and Bear Stearns. Each of the cases of creative accounting mentioned above had a significant impact on the market. Lehman Brothers scandal triggered much of the distress,...
Major creative accounting scandals in the United States during the financial crisis of 2008-2009 are associated with Lehman Brothers, the Madoff Investment Securities, and Bear Stearns. Each of these institutions used creative accounting to present its financial performance in a better light for the investment community. Lehman Brothers extensively used...
Theft act investigative methods are applied when investigative concealment techniques appear to be ineffective. Theft act investigations are activities that focus on the direct investigation of the fraud act. The most common types of such investigations are invigilation, surveillance, searching computers for electronic evidence, and gaining physical evidence. When using...
The common methods to understate liabilities include understating such records as accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and future obligations, as well as omitting contingent liabilities and recognizing unearned revenue as earned revenue. Accounts payable can be understated by underrecording purchases or making it seem that liabilities have been covered. Usually, understated...
Revenue-related financial statement fraud occurs when fictitious revenues are recorded or actual revenues are recorded prematurely. A number of different ways in which revenue is recognized may be exploited for fraud. Revenue-related financial statement fraud can be detected by creating a transaction diagram representing a flow of the company’s transactions...
Financial statement fraud occurs when the company’s statements of financial position are deliberately altered to mislead the readers of the financial information. As a rule, financial statement fraud involves falsifying balance sheets, statements of income, and statements of cash flows. It is propagated by a company’s management to receive desired...
Under a conversion method, the correlation between a suspect’s improvement of lifestyle and the related fraudulent activity is investigated, as well as how a perpetrator spent stolen funds. The main reasons for performing a conversion investigation are to evaluate the extent of embezzlement and gather evidence to obtain a suspect’s...
Impression management is the concept that is employed to study how management shapes an audience’s impression of an organization. The audience usually includes stakeholders, shareholders, potential investors, and the media. In a typical impression management process, a manager may regulate or control information that is disclosed to the audience to...
The main principles of creative accounting include three financial statements: the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The leading creative accounting methods are to increase income, decrease expenses, increase assets, decrease liabilities, and increase operating cash flows. Increasing income is a good way to increase the profit...
There are several reasons why companies get involved in creative accounting and fraud. Firstly, there may be a need to create evidence that a firm is a great investment opportunity for stakeholders. If the company’s sales are lower than expected or liabilities have significantly increased, the business entity may be...
One of the most famous quotes from the Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant implies that understanding is possible only through concepts or ideas. In order to comprehend a thing, one must conceptualize (or judge) the information about it that he or she perceives. I tend to believe that...
David Hume’s ideas are related to the field of epistemology. He proposed to seek the grounds of knowledge by analyzing closely the ideas, opinions, superstitions, and other mental constructs that allowed the formation of that knowledge. By doing so, it is possible to explain why people believe what they believe,...
It is very hard to refute Berkeley’s idealist ideas and certainly impossible to do so by throwing a rock or eating an apple. The philosopher did not claim that solid objects are merely hallucinations or the products of imagination. While material objects are inseparable from the mind and the spirit,...
In contrast to John Locke, George Berkeley believed that no material objects exist and everything that one seems to know about the external world is merely a perception. In fact, Berkeley suggested that even though a person can experience material objects, the latter are inseparable from perception. It means that...
John Locke stated that the knowledge of the external world is possible through sensory experience. Yet, there is a limited number of things that one can actually know about the external reality in this way. For example, a person can know that they and their mind exist and that other...
Kant’s sententious slogan that “thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind” implies the togetherness of principle. In other words, Kant means that there should be a correlation between reality and abstract thought. Therefore, while the mind relies on what is delivered to it by the sensory system...
I do not agree with Hume’s argument that without perception all theological and metaphysical speculations are worthless. First, the idea that knowledge can only be acquired through perception is philosophically limited because it is not justifiable. Hume implies that the mind cannot think beyond the inputs of sensory faculties. However,...
Kicking a rock does not show that Berkeley’s view of knowledge is false. I think Berkeley was making a case against Locke’s claim that all that we know are mental pictures of certain objects as opposed to the objects themselves. He says, “the supposition that things are distinct from ideas...
Berkeley denies the existence of material objects because he believes that such objects exist only in the mind of perceivers. In other words, material objects cannot exist without being perceived in the first place. This approach underscores the doctrine of subjective idealism, which denies the existence of materials objects outside...
Locke’s argument that despite being directly aware only of sense-data we can have knowledge of the external world is based on the fundamental nature of reality. This knowledge is based on reality as opposed to mere imaginations. For example, we know that the sun exists because that is the reality...
a. Any situation which can potentially turn into a conflict is dangerous for any staff unity. However, even with the best management system, such situations are inevitable due to some basic human instincts. Regarding the case with holiday coverage, trying to find a compromise between all the staff members has...
A genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, whereas a phenotype is the observed physical characteristics of an organism.
A glucose strip measures the concentration of glucose that is formed when lactase catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose.
The bicarbonate buffering system comprises weak carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. Its function is to regulate the pH of the blood. When any acidic substance enters the blood, hydrogen ions are neutralized by the formation of carbonic acid and water. Given that carbonic acid is already part of the buffer...