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A cart is accelerated as it moves along a track by force applied to it via a rope attached to a hanging mass. What factors might have an impact on the motion of the cart? Which factors are not quantifiable or over which you have little or no control? Of...
Collect and use experimental data for an object that experiences a collision to build graphical and mathematical models for the system. These models represent the relationships between dependent and independent variables. A cart on a track will collide with a stationary cart. Force sensors in the smart carts are used...
Read through several recent scientific magazines and look for an article related to Physics or Chemistry. Mention the title of the primary source article and discuss its author’s qualifications. Summarize the primary source article in your own words. Provide a critique of the primary source article in your own words. ...
Verify that the Ideal Gas model gives reasonable predictions of gas behavior. Vary the volume of a gas container and observe the change in the temperature and pressure as a reaction to the volume change. In this experiment, when you suddenly decrease the volume of the syringe, the pressure changes...
Provide the simple pendulum experiment. Study the motion of a simple pendulum – a pendulum with a small angle of swing (approximately 20 degrees from the vertical). To answer this question, take into account that the period is the time for one full swing (let go, let it come back...
Changing the shape of the aperture naturally affects the output diffraction pattern. The more points there are on the aperture from a spherical wave, the more secondary waves are generated, and as a result, a more blurred interference pattern is created. Consequently, the more irregular the shape of the aperture...
Interference is the superposition of two or more waves as they approach each other. This, in turn, creates a set of concentric circles of dark and colored colors on the screen. This effect is likely in diffraction when a light beam initiates secondary waves’ formation on the boundaries of an...
The alternation of dark and colored rings on the screen is caused by an obstacle in the light beam’s path. If the linear size of the slit is commensurate with the wavelength, then diffraction is possible. Doubling of slits works as a creation of coherent sources, which means that each...
I think the ideal temperature range is 71 to 77 Fahrenheit. This is the most comfortable temperature for the body and its functioning. Most people are neither cold nor hot in this temperature range, which allows a person to remain active throughout the day. In Celsius, this temperature range is...
This is a sign that the earth rotates, and the point that emits a higher frequency moves toward the earth, whereas the side that emits a lower frequency recedes from the earth. This implies that there is a Doppler shift as the sun rotates. It is also likely that the...
It is through gravity that people are able to fall on the ground without losing contact with it. Moreover, gravity makes it possible to move by lifting the body even when one is moving on a level surface. The braking action and gravity act together when one is moving. During...
The first Newton’s law of motion states, “a body at rest or moving in a straight line in a constant speed will remain at rest or in a constant speed unless another force acts on it”. This assumption is referred to as the law of inertia. The concept of inertia...
The term ‘energy’ takes many definitions depending on the context where it is to be applied. Most of these definitions are largely applied in physics. The commonest definition is that energy is the ability to perform work. Energy is used to perform many activities such as providing lighting to households,...
The formation of a rainbow is a result of reflection, refraction, and dispersion of white light through water droplets. The white light is refracted inside the water droplets surface then dispersed with violet bending more than the red light. That is violet bends at 400 while red light bends at...
The brick wall behind the ambulance will obstruct the sound wave emitted by the siren. Because of this, a portion of the waves will be reflected off the brick wall, a part will be transmitted through the wall, and the wall will absorb some waves. The waves that will be...
The insulated handles will protect the operator from being electrocuted by the electric current flowing through the paddles. As such, the handles are made of materials with high resistivity. Products with high resistivity are bad conductors of electricity. Thus, the handles act as barriers between the operators and the electric...
According to Coulomb’s law, the force between the two paddles is proportionate to the product of the charge of individual paddles and inversely relative to the square of the distance between the two contacts. In this regard, as the distance between the two paddles increases, the force decreases.
It is required that metal paddles be discharged before turning off the device. The metal paddles should be earthed to remove the residual net charge. The safest means of removing these charges is using a high-voltage capacitor discharge probe. Both ends of the probe should be connected to the metal...
Longitudinal waves exhibit a displacement that is parallel to the wave path, whereas transverse waves portray a characteristic of an initial displacement that is perpendicular to the wave travel. A good example of a longitudinal wave is the sound wave. Light waves and X-ray waves are examples of transverse waves.
There would be a Doppler effect if the source of the sound were stationary and the listener in motion. The listener would have to move towards the source of the sound to hear a higher frequency of the sound. The listener would hear a lower frequency of the sound if...
The 100 J that is lost in the process accounts for the heat energy that the child experiences as she slides down. The energy is converted into heat by the friction between the child and the slide. This implies that in the sliding process, heat energy is also involved.
As water flows under the bridge, the narrow channel forces the velocity of the water to increase on the exit side of the narrow part. In addition to this, pressure builds on the entry side because a smaller amount of the water gets through the bridge; thus, building pressure and...
The words weight and mass are used similarly, but their meaning is very different. An object’s mass is the same regardless of where it is placed in the universe. The weight of an object on the other hand varies in different places. Nonetheless, many people talk about kilograms when referring...
In a high-altitude environment, water boils at a lower temperature due to decreased pressure. With lower atmospheric pressure, water molecules have weaker bonds, and it boils at decreased temperature (185 degrees Fahrenheit). Nonetheless, potatoes boil at a specific temperature (210 degrees Fahrenheit). Hence, potatoes will need more time to cook.
WBGT stands for Wet Bulb Global Temperature, and it is useful in controlling and assessing heat stress in workplaces. This is done through the use of a natural wet bulb (NWB), dry bulb (DB) and a globe temperature (GT) reading. Together, these measurements are used to calculate the WBGT. The...
Harmonic wave is a physical term describing an oscillatory motion or vibration which moves first in one direction and then back again in the opposite direction. An example is the movement of a string plucked in a musical instrument. In addition, the harmonic wave is usually accompanied by sound production....
There are three types of acoustic waves namely; surface waves, seismic waves, and longitudinal waves. Most importantly, minor breaks can be detected on time before serious damage occurs. Moreover, surface acoustic waves are used in frequency amplification to filter signals. Such signals assist in the demodulation of noise in the...
The four basic qualities are important concepts in understanding sound and music. The amplitude, also described by the loudness or musical sound is a relative measure of the strength of the sound that is heard. The loudness of music is fundamentally related to the distance from the source as well...
Sounds are characterized by a fundamental frequency and harmonics which are quite complex. If the frequency of two different instruments happens to be similar, there is a likelihood of getting a similar pitch. Tone quality is also determined by the beginning and end of the tone.
Stars are the most glittering objects in the night sky. It is really an interesting subject to know about the stars and astronomers rely upon different methods to understand all the important things about the stars. A star is a massive and luminous plasmatic ball and all the plasma is...
The stars which occupy the region near the line in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are called the main sequence of the stars. This is the stage where the stars are fusing hydrogen in the core of their system. The next concentration of stars in the diagram is known as the horizontal...
About 4.5 billion years ago due to the collapse of a hydrogen molecular cloud, the Sun was formed. The solar formation was created in two unique ways, by using computer models based on Stellar Evolution we can determine the age of the Sun. We also use the radiometric data for...
According to the equilibrium rule, an object is at a state of equilibrium when all the forces acting on an object are balanced. This occurs when the net force of the object is zero. In the equilibrium state, the object is either moving in the same direction or being at...
A normal force is a responsive push-back force that acts in response to a pull or push. The upward force that balances an object’s weight on the surface is the support force. This force is also called a normal force because it exists in response to a force from another...
The force arising between two objects in contact, which always acts in the opposite direction to a push, is friction force. Speed is a scalar quantity. It is defined as the rate at which distance is covered by an object. On the other hand, the rate at which position changes...
The measure of inertia, which depends on mass and not weight or gravity, is a resistance offered by a body to change in position or motion. In a state of rest, the mass of an object is its measure of inertia. When a body is in motion, inertia is proportional...
The different tonal frequencies generated sounds of varying intensities and loudness; in other words, frequency has a significant impact on the loudness of sound. The pitch of the different tones picked up by the ears aligns with the SL intensities reflected in the spectrum analyzer. For instance, the perceived level...
The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted cosmological model that seeks to explain the development of the universe. In the beginning, considerable energies became concentrated at one place, thereby producing a reactionary expansion that caused a big explosion now known as the Big Bang. This model explains that...
Quasars are luminous galaxies that emit radio waves in the spectrum between 10 MHz and 100 GHz, making them detectable as red flashes of light. They are thousands of light-years away from our own galaxy and form the core part of most distant galaxies. The evidence is now overwhelming that...
Quasars are the glowing part of distant galaxies; they achieve this by emitting electromagnetic radiations of very high frequencies detectable as bright light. According to Einstein’s energy equation E=MC2, an object emitting high energy will continuously reduce its mass as it discharges more energy and will cease to be matter...
The ear plays the role of a frequency receiver, and this is facilitated by its capability to identify and distinguish pure tones. On the other hand, the speaker and microphone serve the function of a frequency channel. The form is the pathway through which frequency travels from the source to...
A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram refers to an illustration in which the absolute magnitude or essential brightness of stars are plotted vertically against the surface temperatures or corresponding spectral types. There seems to be a strong connection between brightness and surface temperatures, with types of blue stars having higher luminosity and types...
The popular method that is being used is called the parallax. Due to the earth’s revolution around the sun, stars that are close by earth also seem to be very distant. Thus, astronomers, by having prior knowledge of the movement of stars and the earth’s orbit, are able to calculate...
Stellar evolution could be said to be a process by which a star goes through a series of major changes during its lifetime. This would vary from a few million years (for greater mass) to trillion years (for lesser masses) depending upon the mass of the stars. During the lifetime...
For many years, historians and poets have been fascinated by the green color that appears when the eyes of different animals get into contact with light at night. Unlike human beings, animals’ eyes tend to glow when illuminated at night. Jenkins indicates that the occurrence is caused by a layer...
Supernovae are a stage in the evolution of stellar objects, which ends with a bright explosion of the star, and the object ceases to exist. The explosions of supernovae are divided into two main types – type I and II. According to Thompson, they are distinguished by the presence or...
The Hubble sequence is an old classification of galaxies but is still relevant. The Hubble sequence is used in professional astronomical research and amateur astronomy. The main remark about the Hubble sequence is that it does not fully cover the variety of galaxies. Also, the sequence does not take into...
The Andromeda galaxy is Sb in the Hubble sequence; the Milky Way galaxy is SBbc. The selected galaxy Size Composition Structure History Galaxy Milky Way Diameter: 30,000 pc; Thickness: 1000 light years. Contains stars, constellations, gas and dust. Spiral-shaped, with a black hole in the middle. In the 18th century,...
First, about the form: elliptical galaxies have an oval shape. More than half of all existing galaxies are spiral galaxies. The rest can be attributed to galaxies of irregular shape. Core and branches: elliptical galaxies have no central nucleus and spiral branches. Spiral galaxies have nuclei and branches consisting of...
The caskets with the bodies of the three deceased employees were covered with lead and a thick layer of concrete in order to reduce the radiation background in the burial area due to an extremely long half-life of the isotope uranium-235.
A fission reaction is a nuclear fusion process aimed at generating energy. To absorb a neutron, a special isotope, uranium-235, is applied.
a. λ=hc/E, where λ=wavelength of X-ray produced, h=planks constant, E=energy (eV) e is electron charge, c=velocity of light.b. (1) shorter wavelength, (2) intensity increases.
Pyroclastic material often appears during (or rather is a result of) a volcanic eruption. It consists of volcanic rock, ash, lava, and gases. These materials come in a cloud or a flow. The flow and the cloud are very hot and cause a lot of damage to people and areas...
The content of silica in magma affects its viscosity. Thus, if the content of silica increases viscosity of magma also becomes higher. This process is associated with the high melting point of this compound.
Tsunami is a large amount of water that moves to the land. An earthquake that occurs in the ocean, as well as a big lake, makes large volumes of water move. A tsunami is often a series of huge waves.
First difference is that P waves are faster than S waves.Secondly, S wave “involves oscillation perpendicular to the direction of propagation,” while P waves are characterized by compressional motion.Thirdly, P waves can travel through liquid, whereas S waves cannot do this.
The Big Bang theory postulates that the Universe later expanded rapidly. The theory is supported by various pieces of evidence: for instance, the expansion, its early hot state, helium, and galaxy formation are derived from various cosmological models, including cosmic microwave background, Hubble diagram (type la supernovae), availability of light...
Stellar Parallax describes the movement of a star against other more distant stars during the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. The concept can be used to determine the distance of a few stars that are close to the Sun. Mathematically, the distance to a star in parsecs will...
The answer is spectroscopy. Explanation: Spectroscopy is concerned with the exploration and analysis the electromagnetic spectrum of light. The electromagnetic spectrum is the term used to describe the variety of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Different wavelengths of electromagnetic waves produce various colors. Some of these colors can be seen by...
The correct answer is C. An incandescent light bulb produces a continuous visible spectrum. Explanation: Visible light spectrum is the term used to define the range of wavelength that can be discerned by the human eye. However, the vast share of electromagnetic waves are invisible to humans. Below is the...
Correct answer is B. A real object has a positive object distance. Explanation: The lens equation is an important topic in physics and optics because it allows quantifying the relationship between an object and an image. There are three key concepts involved in a lens equation: object distance, image distance,...