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The synapse is an area between two neurons that allows for chemical communication. In 3 or 4 sentences, explain what part of the neurons are communicating with each other and in which direction does this communication occur? Be specific.

Neurotransmitters play an important role in how human bodies work and affect everything from people’s moods to their ability to learn. They are the substances through which the nervous system communicates internally. One neuron, when activated, transmits the right signals to another neuron through neurotransmitters. Nerve impulses in the brain...

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What are the major components that make up subcortical structures? Which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction? What are the two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control?

Subcortical brain structures are a complex of brain structures located between the cerebral cortex and the medulla oblongata. They are involved in the formation of all behavioral reactions in humans and animals. Their main components are the corpus callosum, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, and putamen. The hippocampus is the component responsible...

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Describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron. Include each part of the neuron and a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse. Be specific and provide examples.

A neuron is a structural and functional unit of the nervous system that receives and analyzes incoming information. It is a structure, the main parts of which are the nucleus, cell body, and dendrites. Nerve impulses are distributed by the movement of ions across the nerve cell membrane and are...

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What is an NSPS and why are they important?

The abbreviation NSPS stands for non-structural proteins. An NSPS is a non-structural protein that contains enzymes that are essential because they are necessary for the establishment of a replication–transcription complex, which is necessary for both the transcription and replication of the genome. In spite of the fact that they are...

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What does the S gene encode?

Generally, genes usually encode proteins therefore the S gene specifically encodes the spike protein. The spike protein, a homotrimeric glycoprotein complex, is necessary for the spread of infection. Mammalian ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) is highly specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in S1 of the complex. Angiotensin II, a body-wide...

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What is ORF1b, and what types of genes does it encode?

ORF1b is an example of a non-structural gene, and it is responsible for the production of non-structural proteins by encoding the longer polypeptide 1b. Since the stop codon of ORF1a is immediately followed by a 1-ribosome frameshift, the longer polypeptide 1ab, which splits into 15 NSPS, continues to be translated...

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Design a hypothetical human nutrition study to test whether GMO corn is less healthy than traditional corn. Identify real-world problems that may interfere with your design and confound your results.

In order to test whether GMO corn is less healthy compared to corn that has been grown the traditional way, it is necessary to compare the outcomes of consumption of modified and non-modified corn. In a human nutrition study, there may be two groups – an intervention group consuming GMO...

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Discuss the functions, regulations, and balance of water in the body.

Water is the main part of blood, digestive juices, and cell structure, so its balance is vital for the body. Water is the medium in which various chemical reactions of metabolism occur, and it is a powerful solvent for many chemical compounds (salts, sugars, alcohols, acids, and others). Digestion processes...

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Write an explanation describing the composition of a gram+ cell.

A gram+ cell lacks an outer membrane and has a thicker peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. As a result, the PG layer of a gram+ cell is exposed to the external environment and includes additional structural components, such as wall teichoic acids and mycolic acids. Additionally, a gram+ cell has circumferentially...

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Researchers compared the amino acid sequences of the transport protein in zebrafish, pufferfish, mice, and humans. They found many stretches with identical sequences in all four species. Does this mean that the corresponding mRNA base sequences are also the same in these four species? Explain why or why not.

No, the conforming mRNA base sequences are not similar to the four species since the redundancy within the genetic code infers the possibility for various codons to give comparable amino acids. Twenty amino acids exist in nature and the 4 bases (cytosine, uracil, guanine, and adenine) will have 64 codons....

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Discuss two historical advances in microbiology.

The invention of the microscope is one of the most critical advances in microbiology. This device was constructed by Zacharias and Hans Janssen at the end of the 16th – beginning of the 17th centuries. However, the invention and the practical use of the microscope are associated with Robert Hooke...

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Imagine that you are a farmer that grows corn as a main crop and source of most of your income. Assume that you have control over three potential uses for your corn crop which include: 1. Ethanol production. 2. Livestock feed. 3. Corn syrup. Which of the above uses would you choose for your corn? Provide at least 3 reasons to justify your choice. Provide at least one reason for not choosing either of the other alternatives. If given the choice, would you use groundwater or treated wastewater for irrigation and provide support for your choice.

Within the provided selection, my optimal choice would be to use corn to produce corn syrup. First of all, this product is in high demand today, making it economically feasible to produce. Second, the environmental footprint of corn syrup production is not as considerable as is the case with other...

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How do the reactants CO2 and H2O reach the chloroplasts in the leaves?

The chloroplast is a unique cell organelle present in the plant cell and plays a vital role in the process of photosynthesis. It contains two separate membranes: outer and inner; it also has a nucleus, mitochondria, thylakoid, and ground substance stroma. Substrates or reactants such as carbon dioxide and water...

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What do we call organisms that are able to undergo photosynthesis?

Some organisms can capture the energy of sunlight and use it to produce organic compounds. This process is essential for life because it provides energy to producers and consumers. Photosynthetic organisms, also known as photoautotrophs, are capable of photosynthesis. These organisms include higher plants, some protozoa such as algae and...

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What is photosynthesis? What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?

Plant plants, algae, and some bacteria use photosynthesis to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into food and oxygen. There are two types of this process: photosynthesis and anoxygenic. Light energy transfers electrons from water taken up by plant roots into CO2 to produce carbohydrates during oxygenic photosynthesis. Anoxygenic photosynthesis...

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Different types of biomes might form in a particular place on land. What factors most strongly influence which biome forms? In a given location, what factors contribute to the type of aquatic system that may form? Give and explain a concrete example.

A biome can be defined as a major local complex that includes numerous similar communities. Therefore, it can be considered an ecological unit of a large scale that can be highlighted and identified on the basis of its vegetation structure and dominant plant type. The core predictors of the biome...

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Summarize The Economist article “Save the rhino, save the plant.”

The article deals with the connection between Sumatran rhinos and several plants dependent on their survival. The major part of the ration of Sumatran rhinos consists of fruits that have indigestible seeds. The rhinos disperse them by defecation quite far from the plant that produced them. As a result, the...

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Why is the Na/K ATPasa pump important? Is it active or passive?

An interesting phenomenon in cell membrane physiology is the presence of a sodium-potassium pump. The essence of this pump is the stimulation of the migration of positively charged sodium and potassium ions through transmembrane proteins. As a result of this activity, strictly three sodium cations move into the extracellular medium,...

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What is the difference between passive and active transport? Please give examples.

Molecules and particles can enter and leave the cell in different ways. It is customary to divide the variety of these options into two groups, namely active and passive transport. The main difference between them consists of the direction of substance transport. In the case of passive transport, molecules move...

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What is endocytosis? Please give an example.

A cell can take up solid and dissolved particles for food in various ways, and endocytosis is one of them. As a result of endocytosis, a living cell forms internal membrane tensions, forming a vesicle with a food particle. When the membrane tension reaches a critical value, the vesicle detaches...

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What are plasmodesmata?

When studying the morphological structure of plant cells, many plasmodesmata are found in the intercellular space. Plasmodesmata are microscopic cytoplasmic tubules that connect two plant cells and stimulate metabolism. It is not usually a virtual cylindrical channel but rather a collection of pores in the cell walls by which such...

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Please name and explain the different membrane proteins.

Several types of protein molecules with individual functions are found in the membrane structure of living cells. The first of these types are transmembrane proteins, which are molecules with a cylindrical plane; this allows substances to move directly across the membrane according to concentration gradients. In addition, there are surface...

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What is pinocytosis?

A living cell can consume food particles through endocytosis, which is realized as membrane implantation. If liquid, dissolved compounds were used as such food particles, this process is called pinocytosis. Thus, in pinocytosis, colloidal solutions are absorbed by the cell, formed in a vacuole or vesicle, and then processed as...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of visual processing.

Visual perception is the ability to perceive and interpret visual information surrounding us. The fundamental principles of visual processing comprise similarity, proximity, enclosure, and figure and ground. Similarity allows for the lumping together of objects with shared visual properties, which makes significant correlations between different numbers and sets. Proximity is...

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Define and explain the buffering concept and its importance in maintaining homeostasis in organisms. You must demonstrate, among other things, what the primary buffers are and where they are situated. Kidney role in the process of buffering, and explain what happens if the blood is not adequately cushioned.

Buffer is a substance that increases the quantity of alkali or acid essential to yielding a unit change in PH when present in a solution. Buffering is a process that helps maintain internal body temperature in organisms. Buffers’ ability to maintain the PH results from a weak acid and weak...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of memory.

Working or short-term memory, which enables people to maintain their visual and auditory information, affects every reading stage. Working memory establishes an awareness of short-time periods necessary for task completion. However, when it comes to dyslexics, the deficit associated with working or short-term memory makes it difficult to synthesize information...

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Demonstrate your understanding of the key principles of cognitive processing speed.

Processing speed is a term used to refer to the pace at which an individual can perceive auditory or visual information, make sense of it, and effectively respond. In other words, processing speed refers to the time taken to have something accomplished. Speed of processing interacts with other cognitive functioning...

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Consider the structures and functions of the brain covered in the course content. Please pick three structures and discuss how these structures (and their accompanying functions) apply to your current life or to your future professional life. For example, how might the frontal lobe apply to your current life or to your future professional life?

The human brain has various structures which play a diverse range of roles in shaping people’s behavior. Some of the brain structures include the hippocampus, frontal lobe, and medulla. Hippocampus The primary role of this brain structure is to facilitate memory forming, information organization, and storage. This structure applies to...

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Ecosystems in Western Australia

Analyze ecosystems in Western Australia. Define the term “Ecosystem”. The environment is often described in terms of “Biotic and Abiotic factors”. Explain with the aid of descriptive examples what we mean by these terms. What is the connection between healthy ecosystems, economy and health? How human activities influence by disruptions...

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The Aspects of Using a Light Microscope

What did you learn in using a light microscope to view living specimens? Discuss what types of organisms, cells, and tissues can be viewed with a light microscope. Describe the size range of organisms that can be viewed with the naked eye and a light microscope. Analyze the differences between...

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Techniques Used in a Microbial Journal Article

Provide a microbial journal article review. Give the background of the topic and discuss all the techniques they performed and the result they obtained as well. Why did the scientists perform the study (i.e., description of background)? What was the hypothesis (or hypotheses) under investigation? What were the major results,...

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How the Drug Works in the Brain

Discuss how you can use the information on how the brain is affected by drugs in working with clients. To answer this question, describe the actions of neurons in the brain. Discuss the impact of drugs like cocaine and amphetamine on the brain. Why are drugs more addictive than natural...

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Discussion on Biological Patents

Discuss the issue of biological patents. Represent and express philosophical reasoning about advances in biology and medicine by writing clear and concise analytical and argumentative prose. Describe and evaluate ethical and social values in their historical and cultural contexts. Determine social value related to biological patents. Please, mention companies in...

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Comparison of the Characteristics of the Four Major Groups of Microorganisms

Create a table to compare and contrast the characteristics of the four major groups of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) and helminths. Be sure to include specific examples of each group. Diagram (draw) the Gram-positive cell wall. Be sure to label specific components of the structure. What is the...

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The Function and Activity of Enzymes

Describe the function of enzymes in catalyzing biological processes. Describe the function of enzymes in catalyzing biological processes. Quantify the rate of an enzyme reaction using a model enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Identify the limiting factors in an enzymatic reaction, e.g., the presence and quantity of substrate and the presence and...

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Relations Between Keystone Species and Other Organisms

Discuss how the keystone species within an ecosystem support other organisms. Find an article or a web resource that discusses and illustrates an ecological web that includes a keystone species. Create your own version of the ecological diagram, showing the interrelationships between species. An ecological web should include at least...

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Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Importance and Functions

Define the place where the simple carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and starch molecules can be found and their roles in the human body. Cells are built using three types of molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These molecules are found in different quantities in the foods you eat. Some foods contain a...

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Evolutionary Theory and Intelligent Design

Explain evolutionary theory as it relates to biological evolution. Demonstrate that you understand the scientific basis for evolutionary theory and how evolution is thought to occur over time. Provide an explanation of the intelligent design. What is this theory based on, and what is the evidence used to support it?...

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Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria: Differences

What are the differences between Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria? Find at least 20 differences between Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria, list them in a table form, and number the differences from 1-20. It is very important to find the differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Based on these differences, we can...

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The Process of Evolution by Natural Selection

Explain both the process of evolution by natural selection and the evidence for evolution. Analyze physical, biological, and ecological systems and interrelationships. Evaluate the theory of evolution using the scientific method. Evaluate scientific theories using scientific principles. Evaluate the theory of evolution using the scientific method. Evaluate scientific theories using...

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Cellular Reproduction and Genetic Mutations

Analyze cellular reproduction and genetic mutations. Cellular reproduction and genetic mutations are closely related. As cells reproduce, they usually produce exact copies of themselves. Sometimes, however, cellular mutations occur. Genetic mutations are alterations to the sequences of DNA that comprise genes. Identify two genetic mutations or genetic disorders. What do...

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The Structure and Function of Vessels

Discuss the structure and function of vessels. Why do arteries have thick walls? How many layers do capillaries have? Where do most of the passive transport take place? What do these numbers 130/88 measure, and what do they mean? Is this within the normal range? The nurses regularly talk about...

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Enhancements in Gene Editing Technologies

Enhancements stand in stark contrast with the promise of gene editing technologies that might be used for the treatment of illnesses or disorders. Discuss at least one pro (benefit) and one cost (harm) associated with enhancing people. When do you believe it is appropriate for people to use enhancements, and...

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Would You Be a Clone of Your Parents?

Imagine you are a clone. Would you rather be a clone of one of your parents, or would you rather be the clone of someone your parents selected for reasons of their own? To answer the question properly, provide your reasoning to show if it is sound and to see...

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A Type of Ecotourism in a Particular Biome

Identify a type of ecotourism in a particular biome and discuss how this can help ensure the sustainability of that natural resource. Research a type of ecotourism and discuss the activities described. Which habitat (biome) will you be traveling through, and which animals will you find in your selected location?...

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The Nature of the Current Ecological Crisis

Create a brief description of the nature of the current ecological crisis Identify three key causes of and factors contributing to the ecological crisis (one from each of the different categories). Describe at least one possible way that the ecological crisis could be addressed based on the analysis of causes...

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What is an adaptation, and what are the three types? Provide an example of each.

Adaptation is the number of inherited characteristics that increases the chances of the organism to survive. There are three types of adaptation, namely physiological (maintain homeostasis like plants release nectar to attract bees and spread pollen), behavioral (change in response to the habitant like bear hibernate to save energy), and...

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Describe the order of events that scientists currently think occurred for life to exist on the planet. Include the following terms: multicellularity, sexual reproduction, microspheres, oxygen, RNA, cell, and endosymbiotic theory.

At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists offered the endosymbiotic theory, according to which all organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) resulted in an early endosymbiosis between cells. To support the same approach, the concept of microspheres was introduced, proving the creation of the first protocell out of proteinoids and water....

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Identify the life cycles of selected eukaryotic organisms.

The life cycles of higher plants are the alternation of two generations of organisms: the haploid multicellular gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. Gametophytes develop the genitals of gametangia, in which gametes are formed by mitosis. While merging, the latter gives rise to the diploid generation of organisms. At the sporophyte...

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Define acellular. Describe the acellular structures of viruses and prions.

Acellular may be defined as a set of organisms that do not have a cellular structure. Protein compounds with a certain configuration, capable of transforming into pathogens and causing neurodegenerative processes in the body, were called prions. Prions constitute a separate class of infectious agents; they have a protein base...

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Discuss what “organic” means for different foods.

Various types of food may be labeled as organic, and though the main meaning behind it is evident, it may be necessary to understand the difference. For example, if meat is labeled as organic, it means that the living conditions in which animals are raised accommodate their natural behaviors, and...

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What are the potential benefits of organic food for the environment?

As stated by the USDA, organic farmers utilize specific practices that allow for reducing the negative impact on nature. Overall, the benefits for the environment include improving fertility, reducing erosion, maintaining soil structure, and decreasing the risk of animal and human exposure to toxic materials. Additionally, organic food production does...

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Explain the four categories of organic labeling for foods with more than one ingredient.

The four organic labeling categories are distinguished based on the quality of all the ingredients. First, “in the “100 Percent Organic” category, products must be made up of 100 percent certified organic ingredients.” The label “Organic” means that no more than five percent of all ingredients contain non-organic content mentioned...

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Discuss Homo Sapiens.

Homo sapiens is a significant part of the biological classification to which modern human beings belong. In Latin, this concept means wise, clever, or knowledgeable man. It was first introduced in the middle of the 18th century to prove that humans physically resemble primates. The oldest remains of Homo sapiens...

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Dying Birds in “The Corporation” Documentary

In the movie “The Corporation” (2003), they said that the reason penguins are dying is because of global warming. Analyze the thesis. Not only are the birds dying of starvation, but because of the lack of special nutrients, the egg shells are becoming thin and brittle. The fetuses are dying...

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Plants and Animals That Are Common in Virginia

Familiarize yourself with the many species of plants and animals that are common in Virginia. Learn about the names, anatomy, life cycle, and natural history of common mammals, reptiles, insects, birds, and plants native to Virginia, with emphasis on those organisms commonly found in Northern Virginia. For each organism, provide...

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Discussion of News Articles: Basic Biology and Applied Biology

Find two news articles, one of which is on the basic biology and the other on applied biology. Discuss them. To answer this question, include the next items. Present a summary. The main new or exciting finding of the article. Why is this newsworthy? For the applied biology article only,...

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The Rhetorical Analysis of the Organic Fable by Cohen

Make the rhetorical analysis of the Organic Fable by Cohen. What is the summary of the article? What is the evidence from relevant sources to appeal to ethos and support his argument about organic foods? Discuss Cohen’s position is the comparison between organic products and regular ones. Analyze the use...

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Enzyme Activity in Biological Processes

Discuss the topic of enzyme activity. Describe the function of enzymes in catalyzing biological processes. Quantify the rate of an enzyme reaction using a model enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Identify the limiting factors in an enzymatic reaction, e.g., the presence and quantity of substrate and the presence and quantity of enzyme.

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Exploring Photosynthesis in Plants

Explore the fundamental process of photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to convert carbon dioxide into sugars. In this process, plants use sunlight to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Plants also give off oxygen as a byproduct of this reaction, which humans and other...

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Discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 Microbial Immune System

Discuss the history and discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, including an understanding of its role as a bacterial defense mechanism. Understand the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Make a brief summary of different Cas9 variants and how they function differently from Cas9. How has CRISPR/Cas9 impacted real-life world applications? Discuss the ethical...

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Studying the Environment as Ecologist

Identify ways in which ecologists study the environment. Discuss the different spheres of Earth and how they interact with one another. Differentiate between a community and a population. Distinguish between ecosystem and biome. Compare habitat and niche. Discuss the predator-prey relationship and how this relationship is beneficial in an environment....

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Understanding the Concept of a Biome

To understand the concept of a biome as a way to look at ecology and biodiversity, select any biome that interests you and perform a focused analysis. Describe the climate and abiotic components (wind, sun, high humidity, etc.) associated with your selected biome as well as the biome’s general location...

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An Analysis of an Endangered Species

Examine an endangered species of your choice. Choose an endangered species and research the taxonomy, history, geographic distribution, and causes or remedies for the current endangered status. Select one of these species: Asiatic Cheetah; Florida Cougar; Right Whale; Aye-Aye; California condor; Mountain Gorilla; Western Giant Eland; Chinese Paddlefish; White-Winged Duck;...

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Participant and Naturalistic Observation

How does participant observation differ from naturalistic observation? What would you want to study, and why would this be good to study with a participant observation instead of a naturalistic observation? Summarize how you could conduct a participant observation to assess this. Would you use disguised or undisguised participant observation?...

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Analyzing a Story About Animal Behavior

Find a story about animal behavior, not other areas of biology like neuroscience, based on a study published in a peer-reviewed journal. Locate and read the study the story is based on. What overarching topic in animal behavior or cognition was the study addressed? What was the main finding? Describe...

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The Conception of “Dolphin Quest”

Discuss the care and management of geriatric animals, especially – dolphins. Does age factor into the speed and agility of dolphins? Does species factor into the speed and agility of dolphins? Does size factor into the metabolic rates of dolphins? Does dolphin size factor into a dolphin’s ability to expend...

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Anatomy of Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Discuss in detail the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems. What is interstitial fluid, and how does it differ from blood? Where are the cells in this system produced? What types of cells are formed in bone?

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Where Erythrocytes and Leukocytes Are Made

Where red blood cells (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes) are made, demonstrate your understanding of what causes blood types to be what they are by explaining what AB blood is regarding its antigens and antibodies. State in which structure all erythrocytes and leukocytes are made. Include an accurate and...

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The Potential Benefits of Stem Cell Research

Discuss what you feel are the potential benefits of stem cell research for Alzheimer’s patients and their families. To answer this question, consider that stem cells are undifferentiated, primitive cells with the ability both to multiply and differentiate into specific kinds of cells. Stem cells hold the promise of allowing...

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Rats’ Ability to Demonstrate Memory for Objects

Develop a simple and novel task to examine rats’ ability to demonstrate memory for objects, their spatial position, and the context in which they appeared. To answer this question, investigate memory for objects (what), their spatial location (where), and a temporal element (when). Take another approach and consider the role...

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How You Know You Are Eating and the Type of Receptors

Imagine that you take a huge bite and taste the satisfying garlic shrimp in your mouth. Describe how you know you are eating. To answer this question, describe how you know you are eating and tasting garlic shrimp versus rotten apples. What sense is being used? Is it a general...

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Aspects of the Process of Cell Metabolism

Demonstrate your understanding of cell metabolism. Provide your arguments on this topic. To answer this question, including an explanation of the generation of ATP in metabolism, an explanation of the term metabolic pathway, and an explanation of how metabolic pathways are regulated. Explain the significance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle...

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Antibodies and Other Agents of the Immune System

Recall how antibodies and antigens work together. Which of these is produced by our bodies to fight off the other? Each immunoglobulin class has distinct chemical characteristics that provide a specific function. For example, IgG antibodies are formed in large quantities. IgM class is antibodies formed in response to infection....

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Pain Receptors Within the Human Nervous System

What pain receptors do humans have within the nervous system? Discuss different types of nociceptors, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and polymodal. Which body parts are more sensitive to pain and which are not? Discuss why some people have a higher tolerance to pain and what is associated with it. Further on,...

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Comparing Structure and Function of Arteries and Veins

Compare arteries and veins. What is the overall function of arteries? What about veins? How are arteries and veins involved in pulmonary circulation? What is the role of arteries in systemic circulation? What about veins? Compare arteries and veins from the perspective of blood pressure. Describe the structure of arteries...

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Is Gender a Biological Construct?

Discuss whether gender is a biological construct. Proponents of a school of thought called natural differentiation using the theory of natural difference have argued that aspects of human biology ranging from hormones to chromosomes to brain size to genetics are responsible for innate dissimilarities in behavior between females and males....

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Impact of Environmental Changes on Wild Primates’ Behavior

Discuss how environmental changes have altered the behavior of a wild primate. Most primates are threatened by extinction, mostly due to the rapid changes in their environments. Find one example of how environmental changes have altered the behavior of a wild primate or another type of animal. This can be...

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Microscope: Researching the Innovation

Learn about the innovation of the microscope to help scientists to understand the natural world. The goal is to investigate how microscope innovation helps scientists understand the natural biological world. Investigate the innovation of the microscope and how it helps scientists to understand the natural world. Discuss the development of...

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Analyzing “Asymmetric glycerophospholipids…” by Smith et al.

Read and analyze the primary research article “Asymmetric glycerophospholipids impart distinctive biophysical properties to lipid bilayers” by Smith et al. Describe the goals, significance, and background for the study. Describe the specific question the research group is addressing or the relationship they are investigating with this investigation. Summarize the methods...

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Organelle: Definition, Functions, and Importance

Provide the definition of organelle, its advantages, functions, and importance for cells. What is an organelle? What is the advantage of having organelles? Which organelles/structures do plant and animal cells contain? Are there any organelles/structures that are only in one or the other? What is the main function of one...

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Cell Division in Animals and Plants: Similarities and Differences

Discuss the fundamental principles of cell division in animals and plants. According to cell theory, all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cell division is the process in which one cell becomes two cells. During cell division, both the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided (a division of the nucleus is...

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Reproductive Efficiency in Standardbred Mares

Provide baseline data on reproductive efficiency in Standardbred mares under an artificial breeding system. Reproductive efficiency has improved in Thoroughbred horses since the 1980s. However, there is little published data on the reproductive efficiency of Standardbred horses. That’s why there is a need to investigate parameters of reproductive performance under...

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Animals’ Behavior and Welfare in Human-Modified Environments

Discuss animal behavior and welfare in the context of human-modified environments. You will research the behavior of a species in the wild and compare your findings to the behavior of animals in a captive setting. The rationale for the study is that animals in captivity may not always have the...

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The Effects of the Anthropocene on the Biosphere

Analyze the effects of the Anthropocene on the biosphere. What is the Anthropocene? How does it differ from previous geologic periods? How has the carbon footprint affected the biosphere in the past 250 years? Is the damage caused by the carbon footprint irreversible? What can be done to save the...

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Memory Is a Matter of Reconstruction

Memory is not a simple process of rote retrieval or replay; rather it’s largely a matter of reconstruction. Agree or disagree with this statement. In rote learning, memory is obtained through repetition and is usually stored in short-term memory. On the other hand, memory as an aspect of reconstruction has...

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Review of “The Egg and the Sperm” by E. Martin

Review the article “The egg and the sperm: How science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles” by E. Martin. What are the authors trying to say? What are their focus and aim? How have the authors approached their topic of study? What are their main conclusions and...

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