What are the various psychological assessment techniques available, and what are their respective advantages and limitations in terms of reliability, validity, and potential biases?

The case history method is gathering background information about and doing close observations of a person in order to determine how to treat them or to learn knowledge that may be applicable to others. To ascertain if fluctuations in certain variables frequently occur together, the correlational approach is applied. An...

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Provide a full description of Freud’s Theory of the ID, EGO and SUPER-EGO. Describe the role of each of the three components and the significance of their interactions.

Freud developed a theory of personality and established that each person has three parts: EGO, SUPER-EGO, and ID. The interaction of these parts allows a person to behave in complex ways and to transform his actions based on which part of the personality predominates. Freud believed that the balance of...

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Define mood disorders. Then, describe and contrast major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

Affective disorders, also known as mood disorders, are psychiatric personality disorders caused by emotional disturbances. Most affective disorders are endogenous, caused by changes in metabolic processes in the central nervous system. Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder involving persistent low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest. It is...

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Describe Freud’s definition and view of defense mechanisms. Also, identify and define 5 defense mechanisms with examples for each.

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are a group of reactions-responses to external stimuli that irritate the brain. The emergence of these mechanisms is usually spontaneous, allowing a person to cope with stress and potential threats from the external environment. The defense mechanism aims to eliminate the factor responsible for high...

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Describe Ivan Pavlov’s process of Classical Conditioning. Include all appropriate terminology and definitions.

Classical conditioning according to Pavlov is a learning process that aims to produce certain behavioral patterns in response to stimulation. Suppose the conditioned reflex is not reinforced for some time. In that case, for example, if the conditioned stimulus is not accompanied by the unconditioned stimulus for a sufficiently long...

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Describe Mary Ainsworth’s studies on attachment and explain the commonly known attachment styles/patterns.

Psychologist Mary Ainsworth believed that the quality of attachment is quite different for all children. Because infants do not know how to express attachment as adults do, Ainsworth developed a unique assessment procedure called “Strange Situation”, designed to study attachment in young children. Mary Ainsworth rated the intensity of three...

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Define and explain Double Consciousness.

The concept of double consciousness is essential in developing diversity. Bucher defines double consciousness as “a person’s awareness of his or her own perspective and the perspective of others”. However, psychology already has a definition that manages to express double consciousness in a single word – empathy. Despite it seeming...

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Explain the philosophical ideas of Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates. Discuss their contribution to the field of psychology.

The great trio of ancient Greek thinkers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle can be called the founders of philosophy as a science, even though their ideas were controversial. Aristotle established a metaphysical perspective in which he operated with such terms as the soul, God, and the absolute. These terms are not...

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Discuss the works of Copernicus & Galileo. What was their contribution to the emerging field of psychology?

Copernicus and Galileo are naturalists who studied in detail the structure of the solar system. Copernicus was the first to realize that the system was not geocentric but rather that the planets revolved around the Sun. Galileo was a follower of the heliocentric system and a proponent of experimental physics;...

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Define Empiricism in your own words. Explain the role of empiricism in the development of psychology as an independent discipline.

Empiricism is a philosophical approach that defines the core of cognition as the sensory experience of the individual. From the point of view of this school, people can know the world through their senses and personal interaction with nature, and this form of cognition is absolute. Understandably, empiricism implies the...

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Explain the work of Binet and Galton. How did these individuals impact the development of the field of psychology?

The French psychologist Binet believed that evaluating an individual’s intellectual abilities should be based on a comprehensive approach. In this sense, the subject was to be subjected not only to the cognitive testing procedure itself but also to a physical examination so that the specialist could have a more general...

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Define positivism and discuss the contributions of this perspective to the emerging science of psychology.

Positivism should be referred to as a persistent philosophical current that focuses on empirical data as a source of valuable scientific information. In other words, positivism defines the possibility of knowing reality through the practical experience of the individual sciences; each of the scientific disciplines is allowed to contribute to...

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How is research from social psychology used by individuals, organizations/leaders, and academic scholars? How well are we making use of the findings from social psychology available to us, individually and collectively, and how does that pertain to our call to responsible stewardship?

Social psychologists suggest that when research findings from the field are applied to our personal lives, they can be extremely beneficial. Aspects of our life where social psychology can be used include our relationships, our way of thinking, and mental and physical health. The cognitive fatigue or overload that occurs...

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Compare and contrast how the ethical guidelines for human-subjects research relates to the Franciscan sponsorship values (i.e., peace & justice, responsible stewardship, dignity of the individual, and reconciliation).

The ethical guidelines for human-subject research have a similar approach to the Franciscan values in that they encourage public health institutions to use their knowledge and competence to represent the interests of patient groups. It is via these Franciscan values that human-subject researchers serve as a bridge between healthcare providers...

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In the Social Dilemma (Netflix, 2020), we learn that tech developers use A/B Testing to refine their algorithms to make them more persuasive. A/B Testing refers to running a bunch of large-scale comparisons simultaneously using subsets of users. For example, Group A may see the headline in red font and Group B sees the headline in blue font and the algorithm tracks which color font gets more engagement (e.g., clicks, likes, shares). Explain how this is similar to behavioral research conducted by social psychologists. Compare and contrast them both methodologically (e.g., the study design, sampling) and ethically.

Just like A/B Testing, social psychologists must have a way to assess the ideas of interest when using an empirical approach to social behavior. For example, an assessment of Juliet’s feelings for Romeo is necessary in order to discover how she feels about him. “Liking” is a broad term, but...

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Describe how social psychology relates to other areas of psychology (e.g., clinical psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology) as well as related disciplines (e.g., sociology, behavioral economics, social work).

Social psychology and personality psychology are experimental psychology categories, meaning they focus on building and expanding ideas rather than applying them in real-world situations. Researchers in the field of experimental psychology spend the majority of their time doing laboratory experiments and authoring scientific journals. The applied fields of psychology rely...

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How have the concepts covered thus far informed your selected PLO? Be specific and apply social psychology terminology in composing your response.

My PLO is the perception of hate crime in relation to social psychology. Research by psychologists has helped law enforcement agencies like the FBI better understand why people commit hate crimes. People who perpetrate hate crimes have four motivating factors, which include thrill-seeking, protective, retaliatory, and mission-oriented behaviors. Speaking up...

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Discuss factors that contribute to risk-taking behaviors and situations during adolescence. What impact might stress play on this age group? Do you see any connection between stress and common adolescent risk factors?

Some of the factors associated with risk-taking behaviors in adolescence include stress derived from troubles at home, relationships with peers, physical and social development, school, and negative influences. Adolescents can be overwhelmed by pressure from these numerous sources without being capable of coping. These factors have a clear connection and...

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What essential elements should be included in a health teaching plan addressing physical, emotional, social, and spiritual challenges in adolescents?

Adolescence is defined as a time in the biological maturation of human beings, typically between 10 to 19 years, during which a person transitions from childhood and into adulthood. This period is characterized by significant physical, emotional, and intellectual changes and increased social expectations and capacity for advanced relationships. The...

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Describe the Boundaries in Behavior.

Boundaries are unspoken rules that people should follow to ensure that their presence does not make other people uncomfortable. Many words people can say and actions they can take may make other people feel like their personal space is being invaded: for instance, if someone is trying to discuss a...

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Name and describe the first two levels of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning. How does a preschool child’s morality differ from that of a school-age child?

The conventional level and the conventional level are the first two tiers of Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning. Preschoolers frequently exhibit unconventional moral reasoning. They rely on their judgment of good and evil on the effects of their actions. They are less inclined to do something if they know they...

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Define resilience and identify two factors in a child’s life that can support resilience.

The ability of a dynamic system to effectively adjust to disturbances that threaten system function, viability, or development is described as resilience. Resilience is a dynamic process that encompasses positive adaptation within the context of considerable adversity—the ability to handle extreme stress and major hardship well. Resilience is dynamic, and...

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What is active play, and why is it important? Describe two types of active play, explaining why each type is important for a child’s psychosocial development.

In active play, the child engages in the activity rather than being a passive observer. In active play, adults do not usually lead the kids as in passive play. Active play is important because it helps the child make use of environmental stimulation, develops social skills, enhances gross and fine...

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Discuss the role of the corpus callosum in children’s brain development. What is it, what does it do, and what happens if it does not develop correctly?

The corpus callosum, a long, thick band of nerve fibers that develop and myelinates quickly in early life, connects the two sides of the brain. Because of this, young children get much better at synchronizing the left and right sides of their brains and, therefore, their bodies. Unlike at age...

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Explain the evolutionary approach to understanding how infants’ early emotions are essential to their survival.

The evolutionary method will assess a particular behavior in terms of how useful it is to the actor’s ability to survive and pass on their gene. Infants’ early emotions assist in the preservation of life, driven mainly by the fear of the unknown. If the baby is left alone, they...

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Describe the five stages of spoken language development from birth until the second birthday.

The 5 phases of language development are: Screaming (0-6 months). Babbling (3-9 months). Imitation of Sound. Verbal Comprehension. Verbal Expressions. The sounds that a baby makes during the first few months are reflex sounds. Babbling is a term for the child’s series of utterances that change depending on the environment....

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Explain social learning theory. Who first described it, where does it come from, and what does it emphasize?

Social learning theory could be described as an extension of behaviorism and was first described by Albert Bandura. The theory puts an emphasis on the social nature of humans, and the influence one may have on the other. According to this theory, since people are social creatures, they may learn...

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“Why are reliability and validity such important principles in psychological measurement?”. Make sure you clearly define both terms in your answer. In answering this question, consider a scenario where an important decision is made about a person on the basis of a psychological test. Why would reliability and validity be important in this situation, and what might be the consequence of using a test with poor psychometric properties?

Reliability and Validity Establishing reliability and validity in research means ensuring the data is reliable, repeatable, and accurate. Validity and dependability must be shown to sustain the integrity and efficacy of measurement equipment. When assessing a measurement procedure, psychologists consider validity and reliability. A measuring method’s reliability is evaluated over...

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Which of the theories of personality is most appealing to you? Which seems to make the most sense?

Choosing the theory of personality that seems to be the most adequate and complete one, it is necessary to pay particularly close and thorough attention to the social-cognitive theoretical framework. Implying that one’s emotional and character development hinges not only on personal characteristics but also on the type and quality...

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Can love be adequately studied? Is there an “intangible” quality to love that renders it at least partially unknowable? How would you define “falling in love”? How would you study it?

The concept of love has been the subject of thorough scrutiny and countless philosophical, biological, and spiritual studies. However, since the notion of love is highly subjective and exceptionally nebulous, defining it from an all-embracive standpoint is impossible. Instead, one might want to focus on the neurobiological and psychological underpinnings...

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As you examine your own life, what are some re-occurring stimulus (stressors) that trigger a response (stress reactivity) within you? Identify what may be some re-occurring stressors for you and list some of the physiological responses that you have to these stressors, as well as how you have handled them in the “past”.

There is no denying that the past couple of years has been particularly stressful for most people. However, for me personally, some of the stress factors to which my body has developed a particular and rather strong response include not only the recent specific changes, such as the necessity to...

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What are the implications of Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s ideas for social policy and your life?

Positive psychology is gradually introduced into many fields, including public administration, health care, and social research. It has significantly changed the approach to social and environmental factors and allowed a focus on living conditions, well-being, rights, and happiness indices. These effects can be seen in the transformation of ideas about...

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Discuss the concept of learned optimism and how it relates to coping with stress by individuals.

The concept of learned optimism is considered a branch of psychology referred to as positive psychology that Martin Seligman introduced. It involves viewing the events happening around an individual positively. According to Seligman, positivity can be achieved by replacing one’s negative thoughts and self-talk with positive ones enabling the mind...

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Apply concepts from social psychology to explain generational differences in racism.

In cognitive dissonance, the injunctive norm entails a situation where individuals face psychological discomfort when faced with two or more inconsistent beliefs or opinions. For example, in the United States, members of the dominant culture often think highly of themselves and regard themselves as decent people who excel at many...

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During which type of cognitive processing are implicit versus explicit biases more likely to play a role in shaping behavior? Why?

According to the central route process, the behavior of individuals is driven by logic and uses data and facts to convince them of argument worthiness. This is therefore seen as an explicit bias. For instance, a car company seeking to lure buyers into shifting to their model will emphasize the...

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Explain what groupthink is and when it is most likely to occur. What can a group do to recognize when groupthink may be setting in, and what can leaders do to reduce the odds that groupthink negatively impacts the group’s performance? Provide a specific example as part of your response.

Groupthink is a practice of instilling a singular opinion or a belief as dominant, with dissenting voices and opinions either self-censored or actively silenced in order to keep the peace. It is most likely to occur in groups with a strong and authoritative leader or in cultures where submissiveness and...

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A combination of group influence and conformity can produce behaviors that seem “crazy” or “insane” to an outside observer (e.g., cult membership, violent radicalization). However, this is not an example of mental illness (e.g., depression, anxiety). Rather, these extreme outcomes are the result of very ordinary social psychological processes. Explain some of the social psychological mechanisms that result in examples like this (e.g., joining a cult, participating in violent coups).

A decision to join and stay in a cult or participate in violent radical organization may appear an insane decision to outside observers. However, these are not examples of mental illness, because they are motivated by ordinary psychological processes. All groups, be those religious, political, or otherwise, offer a sense...

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In what ways does the social science lens help articulate a deeper understanding of the social issues that inform depression?

The social sciences offer several solutions to the complex concept of depression. First of all, religion may act as the primary influence on consciousness and the public. Hammen points out that mindfulness does not require the practitioner to “embrace” Buddhism but to develop inner peace. Yet, the concept of depression...

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How does depression interact with the lens of the social sciences and impact social issues?

The psychological sciences have referred to mindfulness in many areas, such as neuroscience, stress management, and mental and physical health. The issue of depression has one crucial distinguishing feature – it is interdisciplinary. It covers many areas of social science such as psychiatry, psychotherapy, neuroscience, psychology, research, and mindfulness and...

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In what ways can science help resolve or enhance depression?

Stress may be a significant trigger in the growth of new unstable neurons in the stress-related area of the brain. Scientists argue that the focus should be on drugs that directly affect neurogenesis and serotonin production. However, while neurons and chemicals may be direct contributors, many genetic factors have been...

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How does depression provide a social commentary through the natural and applied sciences?

Depression provides social commentary through natural and applied sciences in a way that the stages of testing, diagnosis, and treatment are significantly affected by the social and cultural implications of a given society. The process is largely dependent on the background and attitude of the medical professional responsible for the...

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What are behavioral observation scales?

Behavioral observation can be determined as monitoring the actions of individuals using electronic means and simultaneous recording of quantitative and qualitative information linked to these actions. In such a way, a behavioral observation scale is a behavior-based measure traditionally used to evaluate job performance. Assessment professionals can carry out the...

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Watch the TED talk “You Are Contagious” by Edwards. What was the most enlightening part of the talk? What stood out to you?

The most enlightened part that stood out was knowing that humans can affect confidence verbally. The body produces a chemical compound known as dopamine that plays the role of how humans feel pleasure. Edwards suggests that the brain looks for hits and not misses when asked a question. For example,...

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Explain what someone could do to maximize the cognitive benefits of our cognitive tendency to notice patterns among groups while minimizing their tendency to apply stereotypes in harmful ways.

To reduce prejudice and negative stereotypes, individuals should incorporate value diversity and perform a multicultural ideology that explicitly values diversity. For instance, individuals should develop a contact hypothesis that integrates in-groups and outgroups. This technique is characterized by various elements like the common goal, interdependence, and the chance to interact...

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Discuss 1-2 places or instances where you think regulatory focus testing would be useful for organization development.

One of the popular areas of research in the course of psychometric testing of applicants is the study of their goal achievement. In this regard, the regulatory focus theory, which studies how people achieve their goals, deserves special attention. This theory assumes that the strategies for achieving the goal themselves...

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John Watson believed that differences in learning experiences were responsible for differences in behavior. He is even quoted as saying: “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and the race of his ancestors.” Do you agree with or disagree with Watson? Why? What do you know about learning that helps support your opinion? Cite your sources as you support your thinking. What aspects of the human experience cannot be explained using behaviorism?

Personally, I do not agree with Watson’s understanding of the nature vs. nurture dilemma. He claims that any child is devoid of any predispositions and can be conditioned to become any type of specialist. This premise served as the basis for the theory of behaviorism, which prioritized environment in learning....

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Describe Sternberg’s three proposed components of love. How do these components typically change during the lifetime of a relationship?

Robert Sternberg developed a triangular theory of love at the end of the 20th century. It proposes three essential components of love that may be combined in different ways to produce eight types of love. Three basic components of love are intimacy, passion, and decision or commitment. Intimacy is defined...

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What is stress?

Stress is a state of mental, emotional, and sometimes physical strain caused by adverse conditions. Moreover, the human body is designed to experience stress and react to it. When you experience changes or challenges, your body produces physical and mental responses. Not all stress is negative.

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How do you cope with personal stress? Share three stressors and how you are addressing them to be able to cope.

Sometimes, I have something called perceived stress, which in some adverse conditions that I created in my mind. It is my perceived reality, but it is not real. It happens when I am overwhelmed with fear, and I am subconsciously feeling self-pity or resentful of a situation. Everyone feels stress...

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What can I do to best support my child’s language development?

Many factors affect a child’s speech development, and a parent should pay attention to those that may be the most likely obstacle. Scientists note the direct effects of genetic factors, environment, family history, and social class. Equally important, the presence of toxins in the environment, such as mercury or lead,...

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What are some of the warning signs of my infant and my toddler being below expected cognitive abilities?

Developmental characteristics for preschool children include mental development, behavior, intellectual self-regulation, purposeful behavior, cognitive activity, communication during and outside educational activities, and motivational and cognitive learning abilities. This typology can help parents to look for the signs of cognitive problems if a child does not meet the cognitive criteria corresponding...

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What activities can I do with my toddler to promote optimal social and emotional development?

Outdoor activities and physical activity are important factors that contribute to the social and emotional development of children. The equally important, outdoor activity contributes to better structuring and assimilation of knowledge. Children can learn by doing, gaining primary experience, and applying theoretical knowledge. Scientists note that this approach is most...

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Discuss the Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of Psychometric Testing in Hiring.

Psychometric testing is one of the individual assessments for employment. Patten (2020) notes that psychometric tests will play a key role as competition for jobs increases. This type of assessment of the characteristics of applicants has many advantages. According to Anderson (2012), the benefits of psychometric testing are their low...

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Write out and define each step of the inverted pyramid model (IPM) in your own words. There are four steps.

Schwitzer and Rubin (2015) highlight four steps of the inverted pyramid model. The first step is to identify the client’s problems and symptomatic behavior. The second step is to organize the client’s concerns into logical groups or constellations. This is followed by the linking of groups of symptoms to theoretical...

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What do you think of reality therapy’s focus on present behavior and lack of attention to past events?

Reality therapy’s focus on present behavior instead of past events is based on its core principle of meeting basic psychological needs and solving the issue of changing behavior. Therefore, reality therapy strives to address the individual’s mental distress when one of his five psychological needs is not satisfied promptly and...

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Discuss the Concept of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis.

The Facial Feedback Hypothesis presupposes the impact of an individual’s own facial expressions on his subjective emotional experience. Although the validity of this hypothesis raises multiple concerns, several studies suggest that smiling may initiate and magnify feelings of happiness in non-emotional scenarios. In the present day, it is continually supported...

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The Concept of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Describe three studies on the effectiveness of the Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) model. Define the model of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). Cite the studies, and describe the purpose, sample, methods, and findings. Identify the population with respect to the disorder (was the study effective with patients with anxiety and depression?) What specifically...

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Science and Psychology

Why would a scientific approach be preferable to a nonscientific approach? What would be your research question and hypothesis? What would be your independent and dependent variables? How would you operationally define your independent and dependent variables? If results support your hypothesis, how might this be useful to professionals working...

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“Cure: A Journey into the Science of Mind Over Body” by Jo Marchant

Discuss the “Cure: A Journey into the Science of Mind Over Body” by Jo Marchant. What is a “placebo,” and why do researchers typically want to control for placebo effects in their experimental designs? What did you think about Marchant’s book excerpts? Did anything surprise you about these findings? Marchant...

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Behavior Change or Transtheoretical Model

Discuss behavior change or transtheoretical model. Identify specific concepts of a behavior change theory. Explain how the theory is used in the nutrition field. You will need to explain the behavior change theory in detail, including the history of the transtheoretical model or theory, and then showcase how it could...

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Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Emotional Regulation

Examine the research that focused on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on emotional regulation in middle school students with ASD. To answer this question, cite at least ten different references. Address key concepts, theories, and studies about the study. Identify the proposed study’s position on debatable evidence and controversies surrounding...

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The Psychodynamic, Phenomenological, and Cognitive-Behavioral Theories

Describe the Psychodynamic, Phenomenological, and Cognitive-Behavioral Theories. Identify the main points of the Psychodynamic, Phenomenological, and Cognitive-Behavioral Theories. Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Choose the theory that appeals to you when you work with clients in the Human Service field. Discuss the interventions from the three theories...

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Social Psychology: Is Prejudice Inevitable?

Is prejudice inevitable? Provide the social psychology point of view. Introducing your topic will require starting broad and providing all relevant background information and definitions. Aim this at the level of a general psychology student, not a specialized audience: so your reader would be expected to understand your content with...

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The Differences Between an Assumption and a Cognitive Bias

What are the differences between an assumption as ‘an implicit premise’ in an argument, and a cognitive bias, like the anchoring bias? Provide examples and explain. To answer this question, be clear on assumptions as hidden premises and how arguments are working to evaluate them properly. Describe how to practice...

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A Good Leader’s Qualities: Motivation and Leadership Tips

Determine a good leader’s qualities. Analyze the issue that readers produce success, and we want to be associated with winners. List four characteristics of a good leader. Please give a specific example for each. What stood out about Mr. Behar’s comments, and explain why? Give an example of a good...

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How Identity Confusion Can Have a Positive Effect on Personality

Analyze how identity confusion can have a positive effect on personality. Discuss several factors that influence the choice of the topic on Erikson’s identity theory and how identity confusion can have a positive impact on personality. What is a possible solution to the challenges associated with negative personality attributes? Evaluating...

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Theory Applied to Practice: Psychodynamic Approaches

Analyze theory applying to practice. Discussing the relationship between the client and counselor presents an important factor for therapeutic outcomes. Mention the psychoanalytic approach to client dynamics which allows counselors to create parallels between the client’s past and present experiences to develop new perspectives and change their behavior. Point out...

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Behavior Therapy vs. Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Compare and contrast Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Review the view of human nature and personality in Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Discuss the relationship between the therapist and the client in them. Describe the therapeutic process (if applicable, discuss techniques, procedures, client’s experience, etc.) in these two...

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Reviewing Psychology or Political Science Articles

Select one article related to psychology or political science, provide its description, and discuss its importance. Find one journal article about a psychological issue (a disorder, for example) or political science issue (for example, a political or social action, like “Black Lives Matter). Briefly indicate what the article is about....

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How to Improve Interpersonal Skills

Identify two interpersonal skills that you’d wish to improve upon. The skills include empathy, self-awareness, self-disclosure, listening skills, emotion management, conflict management, verbal skills, nonverbal skills, etc. Provide a description of the skills, explaining your understanding of each skill. Come up with a plan to make improvements in your interpersonal...

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Examining an Oppressive “ism” Behavior

Examine an oppressive “ism” behavior. Name and define the oppressive “ism” behavior that you chose. Research online news sources and cite a story that deals with the “ism” you have chosen. Discuss which of the five faces of oppression enable this “ism” behavior to exist in Canadian society. Discuss what...

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Finding Articles on a Psychology Topic

Identify a psychology topic to focus on and search for articles on this topic in the library. What type of article is it? How do you know what type of article it is? What are the main findings or information of the article? (Include population/sample if relevant.) Then, using the...

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Ethically Conducted Research in the Field of Psychology

Choose which role you want to assume (Principal Investigator, Study Coordinator, IRB Administrator, or Research Assistant) and describe it. Discuss two of the choices you had to make and explain what you learned about ethical issues from these choices. How can the choices made within the role you chose affect...

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Implications of Cultural Identification on Professional Relationships

Assess your cultural identity and analyze the implications your cultural identification may have on your professional relationships. Evaluate multicultural influences on ethics for psychologists. Analyze your cultural identifications and cultural groups that might be easy or difficult with which to work in a professional setting. Analyze how cultural implications may...

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Treatment of Adults With Intellectual Disability

Select a client, family, or population that belongs to a group that is subject to oppression. Provide corresponding demographic highlights for both client/therapists noting social location and which characteristics are similar/different, e.g., race/ethnicity, age, SES, religion, etc. Provide relevant background information, which includes the next topics: Practice location/context; Presenting problem/history...

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Impact of Freud on Early Childhood Education

What is the impact of Freud on early childhood education? Discuss psychosocial developmental theories. Provide your thoughts about the longevity of Freud’s theories and their influence on education. How do these approaches to development impact our language, discussion, and explanations of behavior regarding young children? In your answer, you can...

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Group Treatment for Addiction or Sexual Assault Trauma

How to plan a treatment group for clients with addiction or sexual assault trauma? Select one client on which to focus the development of a new treatment group. Consider the unique circumstances and needs of the client in the media and others in similar situations in your community who may...

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Reactivation and Consolidation of Memories During Sleep

Examine ways in which sleep impacts processes related to the consolidation and reactivation of memories. Make a list of keywords about your topic to use as search terms. Based on what you find in the literature, formulate a preliminary purpose and thesis statement. State your position and provide evidence to...

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According to Freud, how can rational thought influence one’s acceptance and/or understanding of Freudian theory? What was Freud’s impact on Western thinking?

A rational man could consider Freud’s theory outdated. However, the idea needs a different view in our current world today. It is the basis for many modern theories of consciousness. Therefore, Freud’s theory is very important as concepts of consciousness in cognitive neuroscience are concerned.

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Read The Happy Life passage from “The Conquest of Happiness” by Bertrand Russell. In the final sentence of the final paragraph, Russell says that happy people feel connected to themselves (do not feel internally divided) and connected to society (do not feel pitted against the world). Give concrete examples and explanations of the following: two individuals who would feel connected to themselves, two individuals who would feel connected to the world, two individuals who would not feel connected to themselves, and two individuals who would not feel connected to the world.

Two Individuals Who Would Feel Connected to Themselves: The Balinese yogi and medicine man that regularly practices meditation and knows how to listen to his inner voice is one of the best examples of such an individual. The woman who trusts herself, her judgments, and her intuition can also belong...

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Explain priming and social perception in detail.

Priming is an effect when one learns something based on unconscious stimuli, which activate specific mental pathways. The organism widely uses such a process for social perception, which results in most people’s reactions being unconscious. For example, when two people are talking, their speeches influence each other differently based on...

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Explain the somatic markers of risk.

The somatic markers theory tells that a specific organism’s reactions are connected with particular emotions experienced by people. An example is a skin conductance change in response to a person’s inner state. The risky behavior is associated with the following somatic markers: general physiological arousal, increasing skin conductance and increased...

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Discuss the long-term consequences of child maltreatment.

Child maltreatment (CM) and its consequences have a looping, interconnected nature. It is known that “socioeconomic status, isolation, stigma are risk factors for but also a result of ACE (adverse childhood experiences).” Therefore, the victims of child maltreatment exhibit a set of 46 outcomes in cognition, physiological and mental health,...

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Describe the issues regarding interruptions in child development.

There is a sufficient number of drawbacks in child development – physiological, mental, and social – that child maltreatment (CM) implies. Mainly, as postulated by Abdollahi et al., maternal depression and subsequent failure to take upon the entirety of parental responsibilities resulted in children having “acute and chronic diseases and...

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Please define and explain what is considered socio-emotional development.

Socioemotional development is a gradual process of acquisition of comprehension of one’s social role and the competence to decipher social situations successfully. According to Brown & Conroy, the social exchanges that happen between caregivers and infants “evolve into complex social interactions with others, and children’s interactional histories are a primary...

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Looking through the lens of SED (Socio-Emotional Development), how is Socio-Emotional Development being studied today regarding Child Maltreatment?

The literature concerning SED against the background of child maltreatment is not vastly abundant. However, it still covers a number of major aspects associated with it. As socioemotional development is closely correlated with emotional processing, a number of studies have focused on the assessment of maltreated children’s bias toward faces...

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Consider each of the following perspectives on motivation: needs hierarchy, two-factor theory, expectancy theory, equity theory, and goal-setting theory. How does each of these perspectives depend on learned motivation? On personal motivation?

According to the needs hierarchy, the personal search for love, belongingness, security, and satisfaction of basic needs are at the core of motivation. These needs stem from a person’s inner requirements and can be attributed to personal motivation. A two-factor theory centers upon learned motivation as a key factor of...

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If you had to pick one of the historical perspectives to use to study and explain behavior, which one would it be? Why?

If I were to choose only one historical perspective on the explanation of behavioral patterns, I would use the psychoanalytical analysis of Sigmund Freud. The reason for it to have remarkable explanatory power lies in its focus on the unconscious processes – thoughts, feelings, desires – that make people behave...

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Can we ever really know what is happening in someone else’s mind? Can we even know what is going on in our own minds? Should we try to make behavior and — and our brain — transparent?

As for the question about the possibility of understanding other people’s behavior and even thoughts, it seems to be impossible and, moreover, useless. First of all, as the further part of the question asks, it is difficult to understand even the processes happening in our own minds – that is...

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What lifestyle and behavioral variables correlate with a greater chance of suicide attempts and completion?

The interaction of behavioral factors and the risk of attempting and committing suicide are complex. Li et al. note that physical activity and its nature play a key role in reducing the risk of suicide, especially among adolescents. In particular, behavioral aspects such as being physically active, developing muscle strength,...

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Describe in detail Piaget’s formal operational stage and explain information processing.

By the transition to the formal operational stage, the last stage in Piaget’s theory, the child has all the foundations of cognitive development. This allows the individual to use and create various abstract concepts. A person at this stage, starting at age 12 and continuing until full adulthood, is capable...

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Structural Functionalism and Sexual Behavior

Discuss the theories of Structural Functionalism and Sexual Behavior. How can the theory you’ve chosen help to explain why the social problem exists, or why it qualifies as a problem? How can the theory help explain why the problem still exists? How do you think the theory might inform possible...

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The Myers-Briggs Personality Test (MBTI)

Explain the Myers-Briggs Personality Test (MBTI). Explore the self-concept as theorized by social psychologists. Analyze the benefits of self-regulation. Take a couple of free online MBTI knock-off personality tests and record the results.

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How does aggression impact sports? In what situations is aggression appropriate? In what situations is aggression inappropriate? How is aggression in sports related to gender, youth sport, and coaching?

Regarding athletic performance, aggressiveness can have both positive and negative effects. Behavior that intends to harm or injure another living being to escape such treatment is classified as aggression. On occasions where a player plays within the rules of the sport at a very high intensity and without intentions to...

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How do gender and ethnicity (race) influence the sport experience of athletes?

Sport and exercise psychology must consider ethnicity because it affects participation patterns. Sports participation varies by race, culture, and tradition. Minority groups have been systematically barred from plans for sports, physical activity, competition for a long time, and positions of leadership. Today, ethnic minorities make up a more significant percentage...

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Describe how motivation can affect competitive sports performance.

The level of success one achieves directly related to one’s level of motivation. To improve one’s performance, one must devote the time and energy necessary. An athlete’s level of performance will be affected by their motivation as they begin a competition. If they compete against someone of comparable skill, talent...

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Why are standardized tests, scales, and inventories used in Sport Psychology? What is the purpose and value of using these for Sport Psychologists?

To determine an individual’s level of performance, standardized tests provide normative data and scores generated from a particular population. The standardization process also looks for ways to minimize the impact of uncontrollable variables on the test or experiment’s outcome on participants. Psychological assessments are essential for identifying athletes’ and performers’...

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Defense Mechanism as Psychological-Cognitive Weakness

Analyze the defense mechanism as a psychological or cognitive weakness. Describe an example of one of the following cognitive biases or weaknesses of reasoning that applies to your own thinking. Explain carefully how the example is an instance of a cognitive bias or weakness, and reflect on the significance of...

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Cognitive Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Select one aspect of cognitive development and explain how it develops across childhood and adolescence. Discuss cognitive development in childhood and adolescence. Select one aspect of cognitive development (i.e., the theory of mind, moral development, language development, egocentrism), and then explain how it develops across childhood and adolescence. For example,...

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Addictive Behavior: Addiction to Sweets

Describe addictive behavior: addiction to sweets, including desserts, and trying to manage it. Discuss strategies that can be implemented in at least four weeks to modify the behavior change. Analyze changes that may be experienced personally by this process. Investigate challenges and benefits that may be experienced in modifying or...

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