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The artificial process that improves soil structure and concentrations is called remediation. Environmentalists remediate soils to mitigate toxic concentrations and improve environmental safety. Soil remediation techniques include Bioremediation, chemical oxidation, stabilization, soil washing, thermal desorption, engineered solutions, excavation, and removal. The densification of the soil to improve its structure is...
The process of water control, drainage, and removal is called dewatering. The suitable dewatering technique for a particular site depends on its constituents and the residual liquid. Dewatering can be carried out on construction sites, riverbanks, mining locations, and deep foundations. The dewatering process reduces groundwater volumes to avoid structure...
The contractors used deep foundation systems on construction sites. As a result, the site was piled with concrete drillers to achieve load capacity. Deep foundation techniques perform well on shallow soils, poor soil, and shallow foundations. Drilled techniques include under-reamed piles, auger cast piles, micro piles, tripod piles, sheet piles,...
The concept of a “best system” can be very misleading because while assessing any system, people may pay attention to its different characteristics. Some engineers may attach importance to performance and functionality, while others may focus on reliability and user-friendliness, and cost. As we have demonstrated in the previous section...
In practice, air disinfection is achieved through ventilation. However, this needs to be supported by other controls. The high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) is quite helpful in achieving this. HEPA works in the central ventilation ducts by disrupting droplet nuclei recirculation. The Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation UVGI is used because noise,...
This depends on whether one is using vertical or horizontal entry. For vertical entry, one should start from the external area prior to opening the actual confined space. Monitoring of this space is necessary. Then one should open the entry hole and place the probe in it. Monitoring should commence...
A ventilation system in a commercial building consists of air conditioning, a heating system, humidity control, and a supply of external air into the office environment for proper health and comfort. Indoor air quality problems arise from ventilation systems such as air filters, air conditioning and drainage systems. Sometimes the...
Some of the control methods that can be used for indoor air quality problems include: minimising microbial contamination through good drainage systems, keeping the building dry, increasing ventilation in lavatories, maintaining cooling towers and removing bird droppings; improving system performance through filter installations, air movement increases, adjusting the humidity in...
Identification of asbestos should first be made by a properly qualified person. It should start by sampling; the person should have experience. These samples should then be taken to a lab where they can be analysed through the use of dispersion staining microscopy, polarised light microscopy, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy...
The best guarantee against asbestos hazards is to remove it. However, this could prove to be too expensive and unsafe. Consequently, one must work towards containing it or leaving it undisturbed. Alternatively, one may encapsulate the materials that contain it or seal the asbestos with the right materials; a rigid...
A ventilation system needs proper mixing in order to dilute gases, particles, vapours or other contaminants in the air. This works by getting fresh air from the outdoors and mixing it with the contaminants away from occupants, and eventually removing it from the workplace. If air is not mixed well,...
A hot probe anemometer is one of the many instruments that are used to measure airflow. It works by a cooling mechanism. It has a heated probe within it that is cooled by airflow. The degree of cooling is assumed to be proportional to the airflow that passes over the...
The occupational hygienist is measuring the airflow at the contaminant generation; this is being compared to the spray booths external airflow. For proper capture of contaminants (vapours, gases, etc.), the external airflow to the spray booth should be made lower than the internal one so as to prevent employee exposure...
Workers should be examined medically. Work policies need to be instated, and training on the limitations and uses of PPE ought to be done. Administrators should ensure PPE signs are found in different places at work. Identification of hazards in any given task is critical in protecting staff. This should...
The Sound Level conversion method (SLC80) protects approximately eighty per cent of the people who use it. It is governed by the following equation: dBA = dBC – SLC80. These figures represent: dBA=this is the effective sound level at the employee’s ear when using the device. It is A-weighted dBC=This...
Hearing devices may come in the form of earplugs or earmuffs. When using ear muffs, workers may break the seal using their spectacle frames, caps or even their hair. Earmuffs cause discomfort in hot weather. They are not appropriate for use with caps or other headgear and are uncomfortable in...
When choosing eye protectors, one must consider the risk that the eye faces and the employees’ eyesight; this case requires prescribed protectors. Also, workers’ conditions are important; the visual requirements of the tasks need to be considered. Workers’ tastes should be considered as some are selective about the comfort and...
Employees need to be protected from exposure to contaminants within their breathing zone. The direction of airflow, therefore, ascertains that this contaminated air is removed from the breathing zone. The direction of airflow helps in carrying fresh air away from workers so as to pick up the contaminants and take...
Duct velocity is crucial in preventing contaminants from settling in the duct. This works by transporting those contaminants through the air stream in the duct. It should be noted that when contaminants settle in this region, they can affect the ventilation system by blocking it. If they continue settling there,...
Capture velocity is understood as the air velocity that overcomes opposing air currents by containing contaminated air and causing it to get into a hood. This air velocity must be near the source of contaminants. Workers should be protected from exposure to contaminants through the capture velocity as all the...
A containment feature in a local exhaust ventilation system works by protecting workers from exposure to volatile and toxic substances in their breathing zones. When capturing contaminated air, one will not require too much volume in order to achieve this goal. The contaminated air is contained in a limited room....
Poor designs are the major cause of inadequate local exhaust ventilation performance. When many workplaces are in the construction phase, their constructors rarely think about ventilation systems. This means that when they are finally put in place, they may end up not receiving the attention they deserve; the systems eventually...
Lasers are classified on the basis of their power output and wavelength as follows: Class 1- safe for use in all conditions and ideal for low power; Class 1M – Is safe, except when using optics, and is ideal for low power; Class 2- a visible bandwidth laser, has low...
Exposure to heat can be measured through various elements. Air movement, absolute humidity, mean radiant temperature and air temperature are just some of the components that can indicate the level of heat exposure. Through the use of exposure restriction and the latter mentioned measures, it is possible to protect workers...
One can start with PPEs. They can be given ear muffs, cold masks or respirators. Administrative control can also be quite helpful. This may be done through the measurement of air movements, wind speed and temperature. It may also be achieved through medical checkups and task reassignment. Work should be...
Provide a field study report on aviation safety. Briefly describe the research problem and rationale of the field study with the purpose statement and significance of the research, literature review, methodology (participants and survey instrument), survey results to reveal the findings of the study. Discuss and interpret the findings of...
How to branch into the topic through the technological advancements of VR in the medical field like surgeons practicing surgery?
Analyze an engineering case study. Choose a Case study, an engineering case, examining scenario of choices or alternatives. Specify the type of case study to be clear that your case study any of the following: Real case study with assumptions of interest rates. Personal case including issues learned from debit...
Write a paper that provides a framework for comparing and contrasting two different avionics systems and the future of aircraft systems (this can include both ground and air systems). Include an introduction paragraph, a table comparing individual characteristics, and a conclusion paragraph. This comparison can include both ground and air...
What is the development of the literature in a key area of Advanced Engineering Project Management as it relates to the research agenda? How has the literature developed in relation to project management and engineering management? What is the context of the research agenda? What are different perspectives in this...
According to Dommer, “when a switch is operated, low and high voltage spikes take place leading to high or low signals which can be taken like a couple of pulses other than one pulse or a transition from one logic state to another.” By definition, a switch debouncer is an...
The RCS of turbine blades of a jet aircraft can be reduced by molding each blade to a shape with reduced side lobes in the direction of illumination. Furthermore, any bend in each blade should be given edge treatment by convolution, which also reduces the reflected side lobe RCS. In...
Norman C. Ellstrand defines “Industrial plants” as those genetically engineered plants that are not proposed for use as foodstuff or feed, rather are intended to produce compounds that will be extracted for industrial uses. For example, industrial plants are used to manufacture detergent, paper, mineral recovery, or these are also...
One of the historical examples of an engineering project that was extremely risky, but the benefits outweighed the risk, was the development of nuclear technology. The risk of developing nuclear technology is extremely high in terms of associated costs, storage of radioactive wastes, and the danger of nuclear devices falling...
Synopsis of the issue Ethics is about what is right and what is wrong. Different ethical theories provide different approaches to dealing with ethical situations that arise. Issues The situation at giving rise to the problem is how to determine if the act is right or wrong of informing the...
Synopsis It is not ethical for the engineer to try to lure customers from the previous employer. That is because; ethics are the rules of conduct that show us how society expects us to behave. If luring customers from the previous employer will cause harm to the previous employer, then...
The line drawing technique is used to draw a boundary between two properties. Line drawing is applied to give an analysis of concepts. In this case, a line drawing is used to assess the drawing line between bribery and gift so as to determine when an action is referred to...
The current world is characterized by innovation and invention, especially in the field of engineering. However, the issue of ethical dilemma emerges because of the conflict that exists between an engineer and his/her ethical obligations. Ethical dilemmas in Social Network-Based Research have emerged as a major ethical dilemma in the...
The Manhattan Project was a complicated project and a very risky one indeed. I chose this project because of its many applications today and the risks that these applications pose. One of the risks of this project is that if nuclear energy is not handled cautiously, it might lead to...
Information obtained in a professional capacity should not be given away without the consent of the owner. This information belongs to the company where it was developed, and it will be unethical if it is undisclosed to parties that had no knowledge of it before. Companies dedicate resources and time...
Improper use of proprietary information by engineers is a violation of engineering ethics. Using designs and/or any other information gained or even developed from a former workplace in a new workplace constitutes dishonesty, and if discovered, it is more likely to be a ground for litigation. It should be noted...
We use CFLs in our home for lighting because even though they are expensive, they are way more advantageous than conventional incandescent bulbs. Since we began using compact fluorescent lamps, we have experienced a significant drop in electricity bills. This directly conforms to the fact that these lamps use less...
The major shortcoming of the record playback system is that it may be used only in a single shop as it is a simple process of repeating the commands of the operator. On the contrary, numerical control may be implemented as a tool of centralized management.
Benchmarking in the automotive industry implies the structural comparison between similar services, products, and processes with regards to the dimensions of performance. Reverse engineering refers to the development of a product from a physical mock-up.
D. It occurs only through geographic forces. Explanation: Biogeographic isolation is the separation of two populations of the same species due to physical factors. It may lead to evolution, as the groups will adapt to their new circumstances, which may be dramatically different between the two locales. However, geographic isolation...
The correct answer is “field”. Explanation: “Field” has numerous meanings, most of which deal with an area that is relatively open and spacious. When it comes to land, various sports and agriculture use the term as one of their basic concepts. Fields usually lack any large objects that would impede...
If you are wondering what is a sheet or web supported by springs in a metal frame and used as a springboard, the answer is: it’s a trampoline. Explanation: A trampoline consists of three parts: a metal frame that keeps the form together, a flexible sheet or web, which is...