The chloroplast is a unique cell organelle present in the plant cell and plays a vital role in the process of photosynthesis. It contains two separate membranes: outer and inner; it also has a nucleus, mitochondria, thylakoid, and ground substance stroma.
Substrates or reactants such as carbon dioxide and water reach the chloroplast in leaves during photosynthesis via stomata and xylem, respectively.
Plants usually use the carbon dioxide that other living things exhale during breathing. Plants take up carbon dioxide through the stomatal openings on the leaves. Stomata are usually involved in releasing water during transpiration and also perform gas exchange activity. The stomata absorb carbon dioxide, and thus the carbon dioxide reaches the leaf chloroplasts for photosynthetic activity.
Water usually reaches the chloroplast through the vascular tissue, the xylem, which is involved in water transport activity. The roots absorb water from the soil and thus transport it to the xylem vessels and the leaves. In this way, the water and carbon dioxide necessary for functioning reach the leaves.