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Reproduction always served as the opportunity to control women and take away their rights to manage their bodies. Reproduction and parenthood force females to give birth to undesired children without their consent as a form of control. In addition, in some cultures, it implies that a female needs to have...
The government banned and criminalized abortions which led to a growing number of illegal abortions. Women were closely observed by the gynecologists who served to police women’s bodies. As a consequence, women feared potential motherhood, and those that were compelled to bear children frequently abandoned them, resulting in the establishment...
Women in Ceausescu’s Romania were considered workers and mothers whose natural responsibility was to raise children. The government wanted to increase the population of Ceausescu’s Romania, and that is why women were obligated to have at least four children. Women who had several children were given many benefits, including maternity...
The discussions and preaching during the reforms addressed issues concerning political implications. There were revivalists and perfectionists who hoped to enhance society by addressing greed, poverty, and oppression. The evangelists openly discussed issues that established a platform for continued reforms. The influence of the second awakening impacted secular movements to...
Andrew Jackson’s win in the presidential elections of 1828 gave rise to a new era in American political history. The Revolution’s ideals had been changed by the ways of American life at the beginning of the nineteenth century and then continued to evolve. Jacksonian America – also known as Jacksonian...
In the 1790s, America’s first political parties, Alexander Hamilton’s Federalists and Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans, became involved in a clash of interests. Federalists mainly represented the interests of manufacturing and trade, which they deemed the progress’ driving force. For Federalists, progress could only be achieved with the help of a powerful...
Industrialization brought significant changes to various areas of the country’s life, which affected every Canadian citizen. The development of the industry shifted economic activity from personal agricultural activity to production and earning wages. During the late 19th and early decades of the 20th century, industrialization transformed Canada. The process significantly...
The World Wars and the period between them were filled with problems that strengthened the importance of the state in protecting people in Canada. New political parties have appeared in response to such issues as the influenza pandemic, which claimed many lives, among them – fifty thousand Canadians, and the...
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982 is an integral part of Canada’s constitution, protecting the rights of every person in the country, established by the Canada Act in 1982. In addition to the Charter, Canada Act included the renamed British North America Act and an amending formula. The Charter...
Female suffrage is the right of women to be voters in elections. For a long time, women were separated from many areas of life and activity where men dominated. However, their struggle for their rights allows modern women to defend their equality, and therefore it is critical to study the...
Conscription 1917 is compulsory military service for Canadian men between the ages of 20 and 35 provided by the Military Service Act introduced in 1917. Prime Minister Borden decided on the need to have mandatory conscription to help the Allies after visiting England and France. The event significantly influenced the...
Thanks to industrialization at the turn of the 19th-20th century, people from rural areas actively moved to cities. Such movement, the corresponding urban sprawl, and people’s adaptation to new conditions is called urbanization. The process peaked in 1901-1911 and had some adverse consequences – uncontrollability, overcrowding, noise, and the spread...
Clifford Sifton was the Canadian politician appointed minister of the interior in 1897 under Prime Minister Laurier. He made a pivotal contribution to the intensification of immigration to Canada, and as a result, about 3 million people arrived in the country from 1896 to 1914. Sifton also directed the Canadian...
The Founders limited the president’s power strongly to the power of Congress, which controls the national budget and performs legislative oversight. The President of the United States is obliged to report to Congress on the state of the American nation. Presidential decrees can veto if 2/3 of all members of...
Reformations refer to political and religious changes in European countries in the sixteenth century. The Catholic Church played an important role in European affairs. However, the Church received a substantial amount of blame for abusing power, misinterpreting Christian values, and overextending Papal authority. The major characteristic of the Reformation in...
The person known as Malintzin was a Nahua woman, who acted as a translator and an intermediary between the Aztecs and the Spanish. A divisive figure in Old America’s historiography, she inspired opposing assessments of her actions. A critical viewpoint portrays her as a traitor to her people, who collaborated...
Even though the First World War had a significant impact on the twentieth century, World War II was more important. The end of World War II determined the division of the global community preserved for decades. It set the political context in international relationships and had a significant impact on...
Ford was a government-controlled auto manufacturing plant for a short time. Ford companies could not hire Mexican or African-American workers before World war ll. More employees were required during the war; thus, African Americans were employed. The majority of them were hired to make room for white workers who had...
Runway shops are shops that were a part of the textile industry that would move outside the city to escape the government’s regulations. The runway shops affected the apparel industry such that the industry did not have enough capital to hire workers with a union contract. Furthermore, there was a...
The textile industry had its root in New England and later in the South US. The apparel industry was developed and located in New York City. The formation of the industry happened in the 19th century when small manufacturing and contracting firms started in the United States between 1880 to...
Industrialization in the United States brought about a great deal of change in the social and economic landscape. The rise of factories and mass production led to an increase in the number of working-class Americans. Moreover, the growth of the railroad system allowed people to move around more freely and...
The industrial revolution helped the Northern United States grow and develop at an unprecedented rate. Factories sprung up all over the region, drawing in waves of new immigrants who were looking for work. The growth of factories and businesses led to the development of new transportation methods and networks, which...
Former Prime Minister Michael Manley was particularly critical of Jamaica’s situation, blaming neocolonialism for everything. Under the pretext of “liberalization” and “common values”, the United States gives preference not to international law but to its domestic national legislation in its relations with Latin American countries. For example, in 1992, the...
In 1981, communist expansion took place in Central America and the Caribbean. Of particular concern was the growth of opposition forces that could support the Soviet Union. History is repeating itself as the economic power on the world stage is still divided between two countries that are still in a...
Rapid urbanization and the growth of the working class were new in the 19th century; neither the government nor the capitalists cared about working conditions or wage levels. All family members, including women and children, had to work to survive. Working conditions were not controlled, and they caused serious and...
The majority of immigrants came to the USA in the hope of getting a well-paid job and becoming rich (or surviving at the very least). Therefore, regulation of immigrant influx also reflects the history of American use of these minorities for labor purposes. For instance, Latinos were initially allowed to...
Crazy Horse, an Indian military leader or the Oglala Sioux chief, was an individual who was distinguished from others because of his social conformity and personal power. Crazy Horse fought various famous battles, such as the war at the Little Bighorn, and was bold against the government’s efforts to confine...
One observation that Crazy Horse made about the arrival of white settlers is that they came and never returned. He claimed they first entered their territory as a small stream that grew to large numbers. The Indians were very welcoming to the arrival of guests on their land. The whites...
When the Europeans arrived on the continent, they significantly impacted the Midwest before becoming permanent settlers. The French and English colonies displaced eastern American tribes and forced them to the west to compete with the tribes in the region. Later, the pioneers of the European settlement began moving to the...
Some Americans were excluded from the common interests of the Declaration of Independence. The use of the phrase “all men are created equal” was probably not a deliberate attempt to infringe on women’s rights. It meant that they were politically invisible. Thomas Jefferson wrote a paragraph of the Declaration in...
The working-class masses were outraged by the actions of the British, but the general enthusiasm for the American Revolutionary war was not significant, and the interest in independence was not apparent. White males from the masses were convinced to fight in the war by promises to rise in rank, make...
The Shay’s Rebellion was a rebellion of farmers disaffected by the Boston Legislature in 1786 in western Massachusetts. Shays organized seven hundred armed farmers, most of whom were war veterans. Although the uprising was suppressed, the government feared that this example might spread. The two rival parties concluded that it...
The founding fathers tried to preserve their privileges while providing enough rights and freedom for so many people to ensure the people’s support. Hamilton, believing that the government must unite with the wealthiest elements in society to become firm, proposed a series of laws to Congress, which he passed, expressing...
The Indian trail of tears is a devastating journey that was made by the Cherokee nation in 1838 and 1839. Andrew Jackson, the future US president, enacted the Indian removal policy, which saw the Cherokee nation evicted from their land near Mississippi to another territory in the present-day state of...
The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by the future US president, Andrew Jackson, in May 1830. This act was meant to remove the American Indians from their farmlands and send them to a new dominion dubbed “the Indian Territory.” The main aim of this...
The Mexican-American War occurred between 1846 and 1848, with one of the primary reasons being manifest destiny. In 1845, the future American President, James Polk, wanted to acquire the state of California through peaceful negotiations with the Mexican government. Therefore, he sent his envoy to the Mexican President to agree...
It was a time of class anger, where people wanted to participate in policymaking, price controls, fairer taxes, and the election of ordinary people to government posts. This conflict was used by political leaders to mobilize people against England, providing some benefits to the rebellious poor. As the conflict with...
The oratory of nobleman Patrick Henry in Virginia pointed to a way to ease class tensions between the upper and lower classes and form a bond against the British. Companion of one of the wealthiest people in Pennsylvania, Robert Morris, Tom Payne, turned to the colonists’ memory about all the...
When the constitution was created, no new social class came to power. The people who instigated the uprising were mostly members of the colonial ruling class, dominated by the rich, bound by faction, and arrangement by business and family ties. This became a characteristic of the new nation: with immense...
Contrary to popular belief, the Spanish, Dutch, French, and British traveled to North and South Americas in search of new capital, not exploration and adventure. They were looking for gold, silver, and farmlands, so they could send precious metals and crops back to their home countries. Originally, the newcomers took...
Five major stages of debate about abolitionism have been identified. The age of gradual abolitionism lasted from the 1770s to the 1820s. Initially, the majority of people did not condemn slavery in the New World as an institution, but the shift towards liberal views was apparent. In the 1770s, started...
The premise of the Mexican-American was a territory dispute between the two states. In 1845, Texas became one of the American states, and the countries did not agree on the point where the territory of Texas was. The Mexicans claimed that Texas’s borders were at the Nueces River, while Americans...
After the Mexican-American War, thousands of Mexicans became citizens of the USA. These people had a considerable effect on the development of the United States. On the one hand, due to the war and diverse legal and economic complexities, many Mexican Americans faced significant financial constraints. They had to join...
Harriet Tubman was born to a family of slaves but managed to escape slavery when she was in her 20s. She used the railroad as her pathway to the North. Her success made her confident about her ability to help others, and the former slave assisted approximately three hundred slaves...
At the beginning of 1820, the so-called Missouri Compromise was achieved, which contributed to the tension that existed in the country. In 1818, Missouri tried to become one of the American states, and the major issue related to the implementation of this project was the slavery issue. The United States...
The Underground Railroad was an important phenomenon for the abolitionist movement as it paved the way for former slaves’ stories that contributed to the shifts in American society. Free people helped slaves escape from their masters and start a new life in free states, where they could accumulate knowledge, financial...
It refers to a strike where a considerable size of the entire labor force participates in a city, region, or the whole nation. General strikes are usually designed to show solidarity among the workers and may be brief. The fourth chapter of the Black Reconstruction is entitled “The General Strike.”...
Slave masters established slavery by legislating laws that protected the ownership of slaves, who were treated as personal property owned by the slaves. The slaver could buy or sell the slaves at will, and this meant that children born into slavery were also enslaved.
When the widespread economic depression hit America in the late 19th century, Chinese nationals faced discrimination, and the situation grew worse. Despite the treaty protecting the rights of Chinese citizens, the political class and the labor movements discriminated against Chinese immigrants and called them cheap laborers. During this time, Congress...
The poor whites thought that they were more special compared to the Negro because of the “psychological wage” they received and the public attention they were accorded. White laborers were paid a low wage but were compensated by receiving public titles simply because they were white. Newspapers flattered them and...
When blacks moved to the north in search of work, the northern white workers did not receive them well; instead, they were bitter. This labor strife led to a deadly series of race riots, and a fight ensued where more than 300 black laborers were killed hence igniting the start...
A regiment refers to a military unit whose size depends on the type of specialization or service to be offered in a country. The 54th Regiment was an infantry regiment that saw the first black army units assembled in Massachusetts during the American Civil War. It came into existence in...
The black soldiers faced a myriad of challenges since many whites believed that they lacked the discipline and courage that was required in war. Speculations went around that the African – American soldiers would hand over their arms to their enemies. During the recruitment process, they were promised equal pay...
The white workers began riots in the northern cities, particularly when the anti-war newspapers published attacks on the new draft law. Many white workers began by attacking the military and government buildings and violently attacked the police officers and any other person who tried to stop them.
Copperheads, also known as the Peace Democrats, in conjunction with other business organizations, wanted peace to prevail immediately. They pushed for the termination of the American civil war and for an amicable peace agreement to be reached.
When the white workers started attacking the military officers and destroying government buildings, it became difficult for the military teams to execute their strategy as earlier planned. The soldiers could not silence the African – American workers alone, and therefore the white workers suffered equally.
What began as a riot against the military officers eventually turned ugly when racism took center stage. The riot quickly escalated into horrible violence between the whites and the black African – Americans. Historically, it is important to understand how racial violence can be far-reaching and multifaceted; hence, unnecessary.
The failure to reconstruct resulted in a long battle for basic civil rights for African Americans. In the 1960s, when all the American History books declared that all Black people were free, Martin Luther King gave his life to fight segregation. The problem is that the reconstruction era did end...
Black people had several significant roles, which moved the Civil War movement in the US. At the beginning of the Civil war, African American slaves took almost 10% of the US population. They were a crucial workforce in the South, as they were the basis of the agricultural economy of...
The conditions of Blacks after the Civil War were undecided. On the one hand, they were scattered around the country, separated from their families. They wanted to build their lives according to the dreams they had during slavery; however, they did not know where to start. They started by trying...
On the surface, reconstruction was reintegrating the southern states back into the Union. However, the reintegration process aroused many questions that the US society needed to answer, including the question of citizenship of freed slaves. Reconstruction is an attempt of the Nation to come to terms with the results of...
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was a reaction to President Johnson’s attempt to end reconstruction by pardoning all the former southern slave owners. At that time, slavery was almost restored under vagrancy and apprenticeship laws. The Civil Rights bill was an attempt to support the Proclamation of Independence, by...
There were three Reconstruction Amendments, which provided the basis for the legal equality of African Americans. The Thirteenth Amendment legally abolished slavery by prohibiting involuntary servitude. The Fourteenth Amendment provided equal protection, citizenship, immunities, and due process to African Americans. Additionally, it reduced the number of representatives in Congress from...
The response of the elite to Blacks exercising their rights was not favorable. The elite wanted to protect their way of living by any means. They tried to formally follow the laws and pass new laws that reinforced slavery under another name. For instance, Black Codes and Ku Klux Klan...
During the discovery of America, the Columbian Exchange used to be the worldwide movement of foods, crops, and animals. Corn, tomatoes, and cocoa beans were among the products transported to Europe, Eurasia, and Africa by ships from the Americas. After Columbus’ emergence in the age of exploration in 1492, the...
The Shang Dynasty is the earliest traditional Chinese dynasty in China’s history, supported by archaeological evidence. It is marked as China’s Bronze dynasty, which made significant contributions to the development of Chinese civilization from North China. Shang Dynasty interacted with other states, which led to the development of social forms,...
The Indian Ocean Trade was the dominant player in the Afro-Eurasian trade system in the 14th and 15th centuries. This trading system was a world economy centered on the Indian Ocean, and wealthy Europeans did not purchase Asian goods; hence they wanted access to the world economy. It was concentrated...
The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s was a major turning point in the American history as it allowed putting an end to the drastic violation of rights of Afro-Americans. There were numerous examples of non-violent civil disobedience that showed the peaceful protest of black people. Thus, inspired...
The two periods in twentieth-century when the civil liberties of United States were violated date back to the First and the Second World Wars. During the World War I, Wilson passed the Espionage Act according to which any criticism of the US government was punishable by imprisonment. Furthermore, the culture...
Numerous characteristics made Native Americans vulnerable to invasion by European adventurers. For starters, the natives were unprepared to deal with the European invaders. In addition, their populations were rapidly dwindling due to forced labor, starvation, epidemics caused by interaction with European illnesses, and inter-tribal conflicts. The locals were unfamiliar with...
Gonzalez, in his book Popular Culture as Art and Knowledge, expresses his position on literacy and art and the way it impacts other people. The author of the book argues for the Hegel approach to metaphysics, stating that art cannot be understood in various ways, as Hegel meant in the...
The Constitution has remained controversial since its inception, which has been the heart of civil rights activists, the fight amid national sovereignty and state autonomy, the debate over worldwide healthcare, and the married debate. The concessions on the main subjects that marked its birth are to blame for the essential...
Antislavery protests in the United States of America began shortly after the country’s independence. Earlier antislavery and abolitionist groups had laudable goals of liberating Africans from slavery. However, the two antislavery crusaders tackled the issue of slavery in quite different ways. Earlier antislavery movements campaigned to abolish slavery through a...
Weber’s concept of bureaucratic administration is applied to the Holocaust in Rubenstein’s analysis, wherein the meaning of bureaucracy is described in terms of deeds as opposed to the theoretical definition. Bureaucracy is a government paradigm in which federal officials, rather than specifically elected representatives, make the majority of decisions. From...
The use of terror in governance has been elaborated in Rubenstein’s analysis of Nixon’s presidency. In the 20th century, many leaders focused on terrifying their subjects through forceful administration, making them compliant with overly inhuman procedures. Nixon rose to leadership during such a time and followed the patterns laid out...
In America’s political structure today, there are numerous instances that reveal the applicability of Weber’s theory of bureaucracy. The Trump presidency is one that was characterized by authoritarian leadership in every arm of government. According to Goldmacher, Trump has continually applied his electoral power to cripple the legislative and executive...
When the Great Depression hit in the 1930s, health issues became the subject of heated discussions. Roosevelt’s Social Security Act of 1935 created the first real system of state support of its kind for pensioners and the elderly. It allowed the development of provisions for either unemployed or disabled people....
Lincoln suffered from severe clinical depression throughout his life but managed to develop impressive abilities to integrate the illness of the mind into his life and hard work. One of his most successful tools in fighting his constant mental struggle was his mindset, represented through his view on the essence...
For several reasons, Frederick Douglass might be described as a great thinker and writer. Firstly, he had the ability to compile sentences masterfully; for instance, “A thousand wires, fed with thought and winged with lightning, put us in instantaneous communication with the loyal and true men all over the country.”...
The Chicano/Latino experience had informative aspects; during the Second World War, white servicemen despised Chicano youth and targeted them for their supposed ‘cool.’ They were disregarded and treated as hostiles and accused of being defiant to the general white population. Regardless Chicano youth did not retaliate, which annoyed the white...
One of the exciting aspects of the Chicano movement to me was when the movement began to embrace its culture and heritage. To me, this is an exciting aspect since the Chicanos had filed numerous legal cases asking to be considered and recognized as members of the American white class...
Nicole Archambeau’s book, Souls under Siege, looks at how people in southern France dealt with multiple waves of plague, mercenary warfare, and sovereign continuation violence within the 14th era. A huge population of people, she found, saw disease and instability as signs of royal spirit illnesses brought on by overwhelming...
Motley crews were vital to the epoch of the “Revolutionary Atlantic” since they represented the bulk of the movement and contributed to destabilizing society. Motley crews were involved in the events such as the Stamp Act protest and protests against slavery. Representing active resistance against the British government, motley crews...
The Declaration of Independence is a fundamental document that supports the essential principles on which the U.S. democracy resides. These include the sanctity of life, the importance of liberty, and the right to pursue happiness. Furthermore, the Declaration of Independence establishes the role of government s that one of protecting...
Indigenous communities of North America before and after the arrival of settlers represented two entirely different entities. Before the contact with Europeans, indigenous American tribes were numerous and thriving, with established societies, customs, and traditions. Specifically, mentions that the era typically known as the “Pre-Columbian” in the western world was...
Shay’s Rebellion was a military mutiny that served as a response to the debt crisis observed in Western Massachusetts. The rebellion was linked directly to the creation of the Constitution since it outlined the flaws of the regulations according to which the confederal government made decisions. Specifically, Shay’s Rebellion reinforced...
The Federal government project was largely promoted by federalists as the standard that would strengthen the fiscal framework of the U.S. Furthermore, and the specified regulation would allow making the interpretation of the Constitution more flexible. In turn, Anti-Federalists pointed out that the federal government project would weaken the central...
Taking retrospect into the Haitian Revolution, one must acknowledge its unprecedented nature and outcomes. Specifically, the significance of the Haitian Revolution was justified by the fact that it was the only revolution started and won by slaves. Therefore, the revolution represented solely the goals and needs of the vulnerable population,...
Though the traditional interpretation of civil disobedience translates into the dangerous transgression of social norms that contribute to maintaining societal relationships equal and legally appropriate, however, during the era of slavery and the conception of the abolitionist movement, civil disobedience, particularly in the context of the abolitionist movement, implied fighting...
Discuss the Revolutionary, Founding, and Early Republic Eras. The Revolutionary, Founding, and Early Republic eras were filled with conflicting and diverse political ideas, such as liberalism, republicanism, and Enlightenment rationalism, as well as conflicting views of the proper size, design, scope, and goals of government. What was the substance of...
Discuss the History of Million Man March. Describe the historical context surrounding the Million Man March. Describe a key historical figure or group’s participation in the Million Man March. Explain the key historical figure or group’s motivation to participate in the Million Man March.
Analyze the successes and failures of the Arab Spring uprisings of 2010-2011. Choose one of the affected countries (Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt, Bahrain). Analyze the successes and failures of the Arab Spring uprisings of 2010-2011. Choose one of the affected countries (Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt, Bahrain) and describe...
Analyze the results of the 1773 Tea Act and discuss how did it ultimately lead to the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775. Trace the events after the Battle of Lexington and Concord that led Americans in the Continental Congress to declare independence. How did Americans justify this action...
Analyze colonies 18th-19th century in America, especially European colonies in North America, and discuss what problems of the founders as compared to others. What were the different motivations of the founders of Virginia as compared to those of Massachusetts? What aspect of the Dutch national experience made their colony of...
Pick an important media figure in history and discuss that figure. To answer this question, consider that the person must be involved in a profession within a mass medium. The content should focus on that person’s contribution to a particular medium (TV, radio, movies, advertising, etc.) in terms of impact,...
Choose one of the following three groups – campaigners for African-American civil rights, feminists, or working-class activists or unions – and explain how they defined freedom in the years between Reconstruction and World War I. To answer this question, make use of primary source documents to explain what methods these...
Why did Native American tribes get involved in the conflict between European nations? Indian participation in European conflicts in North America was not new at the time of the American Revolution. Examine the roles of native tribes and discuss what they hoped to receive from their activity. What role did...
Discuss the importance of the Indian invention. How did it help the world throughout history and now? Why did you choose the invention? Include interesting facts about the invention (or contribution). The date when it started and which Indian group made the discovery.
Examine the rulership of early China. Describe the life and thought in early China. How one rules and how members of society experience that rulership are issues of great importance to these early writers. Write a brief essay in which you use unique examples from our assigned course readings to...
Analyze equality as the ideological right. Equality is certainly a common buzzword in the expression of political systems. Is this lofty aspiration attainable? Or is it merely inspirational? How does property fit in? Also, what does equality mean in a state? Is it possible to have both private property and...