The case Brown vs. Board of Education was a name given to five different cases admitted to the U.S. Supreme court regarding segregation in public learning institutions. Before Brown vs. Board, there was racial separation in the schooling and education system, where there existed different schools for blacks and whites.
The District Court’s three-judge panel ruled the case in favor of the institutions’ board. Therefore, the plaintiffs advanced to seek for U.S. Supreme Court appeal. Thurgood Marshall, a plaintiff, raised various concerns that separate school systems for whites and blacks were unequal and violated the U.S. constitution’s equal protection clause. The clause was a part of Section 1 of the 14th Amended United States Constitution, which stated that no one nor state should deny any person within the United States of America the equal protection of the underlying laws.
Kenneth Clark, a social scientist, also argued that the separated school systems were not legally permissible since they would make the blacks feel inferior to the whites. The disagreement between the judges pushed the verdict to December 8, 1753. Unfortunately, Fred Vinson passed away and was replaced by California’s governor, Earl Warren, who declared segregation unconstitutional. The Supreme Court reversed the earlier ruling that required the separation of the education systems to establish different schools for blacks and whites.