The selected topic is centered around the Partition of India, where British India was divided into two independent nations, such as Pakistan and India. The notion of modernity has a tight connection to the discourses of nationhood and statecraft. The discrimination of modernity can be illustrated through a wide range of historical events, such as Partition. Modernity imposes discrimination through borders, which separate individuals on the basis of nationhood despite the presence of the global economy and globalization.
Modern politics is rooted in the fact that “lines of inclusion and exclusion marked so cleanly on the map and in the statutes, that have marked the constitutive boundaries, in principle and in practices, of the modern states system.” In other words, the Partition of India is a demonstration of the modern system creating discriminatory nationhood on the basis of religion and the universality of their authority.
For example, it is stated that discrimination “has become more and more obviously a problem, a problem implicated in massive violence, human suffering, and ecological destruction … of the modern world”. It is a major part of postcolonialism, which is “about learning to challenge and think outside the norms of western assumptions.” In other words, the effects of postcolonialism were manifested in the continuation of colonial dogma in a less apparent manner, which is why such discrimination is still persistent.
Postcolonial conditions in the Middle East and Northern Africa resulted in the establishment of corrupt, stagnant, and unresponsive governments in these regions. Therefore, people living in these countries became eager to transform their future because “the postcolonial did not overcome the colonial; it exacerbated it by negation.”