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Home/Chemistry/Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis?

Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis?

The salts sodium bicarbonate and sodium lactate have a significant clinical value, exercising an antacid effect. The state of metabolic acidosis, in which the concentration of ketone bodies in the body increases, can be corrected by infusion of these salts. The infusion of these substances significantly changes the level of bicarbonate anions in the plasma, which in itself is evidence of electrolytic imbalance in the body. In this sense, bicarbonates (or lactates) can be used as deterrent agents for the deleterious effects of ketoacidosis since it is assumed that “sodium bicarbonate administration might attenuate this effect.”

This is probably the reason the intensity of ammonia genesis increases slightly after the administration of ketone bodies since bicarbonates react as corrective agents that inhibit the potential for ketoacidosis. If one evaluates the strength of this change, however, it should be said that the suppression of ammonia genesis was insignificant compared with the introduction of ketone bodies. In other words, the likely cause of this effect is the metabolic fate of organic salts, not all of whose molecules reached the liver and were used as expected. For clinical purposes, frequent dialysis of bicarbonates is used to increase the yield of such reactions in a way that consistently increases the concentration of these ions, as opposed to a single infusion for dogs.

The drug mannitol is a typical osmotic diuretic that is used to reduce intrabody pressure and increase the volume of urine produced. It is a necessary medication that has a number of profound benefits for the treatment of intracranial pressure and acute renal failure. Mannitol may have been used purely as an experimental control line because it should not usually show effects on the dynamics of ammonia genesis. Probably the main reason for the lack of a visible effect of mannitol supplementation is the lack of substances in its composition that could affect ammonia genesis — there are no ketone bodies or glutamine amino acids.

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Academic.Tips. (2023) 'Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis'. 12 February.

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Academic.Tips. (2023, February 12). Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis? https://academic.tips/question/why-do-you-think-that-infusion-of-ketone-bodies-adjusted-is-usually-accompanied-by-a-small-increase-in-extracellular-bicarbonate-but-the-infusion-of-sodium-lactate-or-sodium-bicarbonate-in-amounts-su/

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Academic.Tips. 2023. "Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis?" February 12, 2023. https://academic.tips/question/why-do-you-think-that-infusion-of-ketone-bodies-adjusted-is-usually-accompanied-by-a-small-increase-in-extracellular-bicarbonate-but-the-infusion-of-sodium-lactate-or-sodium-bicarbonate-in-amounts-su/.

1. Academic.Tips. "Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis?" February 12, 2023. https://academic.tips/question/why-do-you-think-that-infusion-of-ketone-bodies-adjusted-is-usually-accompanied-by-a-small-increase-in-extracellular-bicarbonate-but-the-infusion-of-sodium-lactate-or-sodium-bicarbonate-in-amounts-su/.


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Academic.Tips. "Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis?" February 12, 2023. https://academic.tips/question/why-do-you-think-that-infusion-of-ketone-bodies-adjusted-is-usually-accompanied-by-a-small-increase-in-extracellular-bicarbonate-but-the-infusion-of-sodium-lactate-or-sodium-bicarbonate-in-amounts-su/.

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"Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies adjusted is usually accompanied by a small increase in extracellular bicarbonate, but the infusion of sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate in amounts sufficient to induce a similar rise in plasma bicarbonate results in only a slight decrement in ammonia production (15%)? What is mannitol? How is it used in medicine? Why do you think that continuous infusion of 5% mannitol alone failed to influence renal ammoniogenesis?" Academic.Tips, 12 Feb. 2023, academic.tips/question/why-do-you-think-that-infusion-of-ketone-bodies-adjusted-is-usually-accompanied-by-a-small-increase-in-extracellular-bicarbonate-but-the-infusion-of-sodium-lactate-or-sodium-bicarbonate-in-amounts-su/.

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Why do you think that the renal glutamine arteriovenous difference was abolished where ketones were infused? Why do you think that infusion of β-hydroxybutyrate into the left renal artery resulted in a rapid decrease in ammoniogenesis by the perfused kidney?
List the ketone bodies. Explain why would ammonium chloride-loaded dogs be acidotic. Would this be a respiratory or metabolic acidosis? Why? Why do you think that infusion of ketone bodies to these dogs induced a significant reduction in urinary excretion of ammonia, not attributed to urinary pH variations?
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