The process of aging is the result of continuous and gradual accumulation of DNA damage or mutations triggered by outside environmental factors and inherited features of an organism. One of the causes of aging and cell death is violations of DNA repair processes, leading to the emergence and accumulation of mutations. The essence and significance of such occurrences can be characterized both in the course of molecular biology and genetics since these subjects address spontaneous mutations.
The main theory of aging is DNA oxidation and degradation of the DNA repair mechanism. Age-related changes are reflected in the composition of the formed cellular proteins, which are judged by the content of various enzymes. In aging cells, the activity of enzymes responsible for oxidation is reduced. As cells age, there is a decrease in energy flow that consists of reducing the number of mitochondria, as well as a decrease in the efficiency of their functioning. Such changes can be discussed in the study of biochemistry and physiology, because they affect metabolic processes and cytology, as they are associated with the work of cellular organelles.