The advantage of federalism is that it inhibits the growth of tyranny by limiting the formation of a single-interest majority. The mandate given to the state government allows the state to approve laws that affect the ordinary citizen by considering the public interests. Furthermore, federalism provides for the division of power whereby both the federation and the state derive power from the constitution, which is the supreme law. This division of power enables each of the governments to execute mandates independently, which enhances accountability.
Federalism also has various limitations, including increasing the struggle for power between the state and the national government. This struggle can be increased by policies such as the doctrine of nullification, which allows the state government to reject federal laws deemed unconstitutional. Another disadvantage is that it creates inequality between states because of the difference in expenditure based on priority. For example, some states invest more in education, meaning that the quality of education is enhanced. Others prioritize healthcare which promotes disparity in each state because of the order of prioritization.