a. Political geography is a field that deals with human geography and is concerned with the study of mutual and effect of political procedures, and similarly how spatial structures influence politics. Political geography covers a wide range of aspects, for example, boundaries, nations, and other simplified divisions and subdivisions. For example, Canada’s immigration policy is political geography.
b. A partitioned state is separated or divided depending on the geographical analysis. It may also mean the division of territorial boundaries to constitute new states or territories. For example, the Buganda kingdom was divided into smaller kingdoms entitled to different roles to perform.
c. An elongated state has a long narrow shape, for example, China, Italy, and Madagascar. Elongated states are often ethnically based. These states have more resources and are often found near water bodies. China and Vietnam, indeed, are located next to water bodies, thereby inhibiting a lot of minerals and natural features like mountains, rivers, and so on.
d. A fragmented state includes several sporadic pieces of territory within a particular nation. This state has several split territories, which are not few in number. Examples of fragmented states include the United States of America and Malaysia. These states are not easy to govern. They should be having different leaders and a general leader who is endowed with the responsibility to govern others.