Imperial Mecca: Global Crisis of Cholera by Low

Summarize the chapter “Microbial Mecca and the Global Crisis of Cholera” of the book “Imperial Mecca” by Michael Christopher Low.

Although the 1877–78 cholera outbreak was not nearly as catastrophic as some past or future ones, it did begin to refocus Ottoman attention on sanitary reform, environmental management, and quarantine in the Hijaz. Discuss how humanity coped with India’s ecological fallout. Was quarantine a tool of Ottoman sovereignty or European extraterritoriality? What were the logistical limits in the face of prevention of cholera spread? What can you say about the politics of British India and the science of denial?