Children and adolescents are likely to suffer from child traumatic stress when they are exposed to traumatic situations. In most cases, the traumatized children and adolescents are unable to cope with the trauma. The traumatic events include physical or sexual abuse, victims of domestic or community violence, and even unexpected disasters such as death. Children and adolescents suffering from trauma fall into depression and exhibit other behaviors such as aggression and other defiant behaviors. Several trauma and assessment models can be used to treat the traumatized children and adolescents. The first model widely used is the Assessment-Based Treatment for Traumatized Children: A Trauma Assessment Pathway Model (TAP). This model is suitable for children aged 2 to 18 years who have had a traumatic experience. For it to be effective, it has been divided into two parts. The first part describes the assessment process and highlights the root of the problem and the suitable referrals to be made. The second part focuses on the treating process. The other applicable trauma intervention is the Complex Trauma Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CT-CBT) which focuses on children and adolescents suffering from diverse trauma-related psychopathology. The syndromes experienced by the patient include defiant behavioral disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance-related disorders. The other intervention is the Component Therapy for Trauma and Grief (CTTG), which is used to treat children and adolescents who have been bereaved or have been exposed to traumatic situations. The other notable model is the Integrative Treatment of Complex Trauma (ITCT) for Children and Adolescents. This is applicable to children and adolescents who have been exposed to severe and prolonged traumatic events. This model helps the clinicians identify the root cause of the problem to know how to treat it.
Previous studies have shown that there are limited models for treating traumatized fathers. This is because most men find it difficult to honestly express their true feelings after a trauma (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004). Most men do not admit that they are suffering from depression and require help. It, therefore, becomes difficult to develop specific models to treat men.