A mitochondrion is an organelle with a convoluted inner membrane to increase its surface area and smooth outer membranes to protect it and allows diffusion of molecules in and out of it. It has numerous functions involved in the cellular respiration and metabolism of nutrients. The first major cellular function is the production of energy via the citric acid cycle’s respiration mechanism, where oxidation of glucose, NADH, and pyruvate occurs to generate ATP for powering the physiological functions of cells.
The second function of mitochondrion is to regulate cellular proliferation and growth by providing the required energy. The mitochondrion’s third function is to regulate metabolic activities such as regulating membrane potential, steroid synthesis, apoptosis, and signaling hormones.