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The Coal strike of 1902 lasted from May to October of the given year. It was also called as anthracite coal strike and it was led by United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the main requirements of the strikers included three components. This is a 20% pay increase, an...
Cartoon of American Flag in Take Your Choice signifies the controversy of the United States’ approach in the global arena during the presidency of William McKinley. It is critically important because the president was deliberately promoting imperialism, whereas William Jennings Bryan opposed it. Explanation: American Flag imagery is demonstrated in...
Net capital spending is the overall annual expenditure, which was allocated at buying fixed assets. Net capital expenses can be can be calculated by subtracting depreciation and fixed assets in the start of the year from assets in the end. Explanation: Cash flows attributable to the company are calculated after...
The receivables turnover ratio is one of the financial indicators of business activity. It shows how much accounts receivable are turnover for the analyzed period. For accounts receivable turnover ratio calculation, you need figures from the balance sheet and the income statement (income statement). Explanation: Receivables turnover measures the speed...
Herbert Hoover won the 1928 election and became the 31st President of the United States of America. Hoover’s key factors to winning represent his innovative ideas about the progressive view on the country’s economic growth and support for the less fortunate. Americans were equally impressed by Hoover’s humanitarian work conducted...
In order to define filial piety origin, it important to note that it is one of the central concepts in Confucian ethics and philosophy, an important component of the traditional East Asian mentality. In a basic sense, it refers to the respect of parents and in a broader sense extended...
The world’s first monotheistic religion is believed to be originated in Ancient Egypt during the Akhenaten reigns. The king decides to worship the disc sun god Aten. Thus, Egyptians were known to worship many gods, but Akhenaten, in the following five years of the ruling, made a deciding move to...
The commerce and slave trade compromise was an agreement between Northern and Southern states of the United States of America. It forbade Congress to interfere with slave trades for at least twenty years and taxing the state exports. However, the Compromise allowed it to impose every imported slave that was...
In a broad sense, the guild definition includes the secular and religious associations of different nature that existed in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. The guilds were divided into subspecies, depending on the purpose that bound the people. In general, medieval guilds performed commercial, social, military, and religious functions....
Ancient Egypt was divided into two civilizations: Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. The difference was only due to geographical factors: Lower Egypt occupied the more northern broad Nile Valley. Geographical isolation has brought cultural differences; however, in 3100 B.C., there was a conquest of the northern lands as a result...
Marginal revenue is the income from sales of manufactured products calculated as the difference between net revenues and variable costs. Practically, the marginal revenue contains two components, namely, the fixed costs of the company and its profit. Explanation: The owner of the company aims at maximizing his profits. The firm...
Marginal costs are usually different for various volumes of production because the efficiency of the production process changes. At the enterprise, marginal costs decrease with increasing output. For instance, it is more profitable for the company to produce 51 refrigerators than just one. Explanation: Marginal costs are the company expenditures...
The Strange Situation research was introduced by psychologists Mary Ainsworth and Wittig in 1969 and was based upon Ainsworth’s Uganda and Baltimore studies. Ainsworth developed the assessment technique called the Strange Situation Classification (SSC) to examine the modifications of attachments between children. Explanation: The Strange Situation was developed as an...
The New England Colonies (or the Northern Colonies) included Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware and were inhabited by small proprietors who held to strict Puritanism. The people who settled in the New England Colonies were called “Pilgrims.” Explanation: Favorable conditions for the...
The Treaty of Ghent concluded on the 24th of December 1814 had completed the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The agreement restored relations between the two countries to the status quo — that is, it restored the borders of...
The XYZ Affair refers to a diplomatic incident between France and the United States in 1797-1798. Later it led to the undeclared war known as the Quasi-War between the U.S. and Republican France. Peace was restored with the Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine. Explanation: The...
The Square Deal is a term that originated from Theodore Roosevelt’s nationwide legislations, which consisted of mainly three components, such as natural resources preservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection. The term itself means treating someone fairly. Explanation: The term Square Deal indicates the government ideology of the President of...
The original story of Pandora was mentioned by the Greek poet Hesiod in his poem “Works and Days,” where Pandora is the first woman on Earth. She opened a Pandora’s box, which let out all the evil to the world. Today, the idiom “Pandora’s box” means a source of great...
The term ingratiation refers to behaviors that a person illicitly enacts to make others like him or her or think well of his or her qualities as a person. The one who undertakes ingratiation may be characterized as an ingratiating (sycophantic) individual. Explanation: Ingratiation is an attempt to gain credibility...
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan was introduced in the early 60s of the 19th century. The Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan included political reforms and changes in the southern states after the events of the US civil war. One of the hallmarks of this Act was its peaceful and restorative character. The Lincoln’s Reconstruction...
Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the responsibilities of a particular role in his or her life. Role conflict is when a person has contradictions between roles corresponding to two or more statuses. Explanation: Regulatory requirements related to the social role, as a rule, are more or...
Glenn Frey was the vocalist and guitarist for the band, replacing one of the previous performers. This happened in the early 70s of the 20th century, and before that, he was already known as one of the many purposeful and promising members of small bands. Glenn became part of The...
Fear of foreigners or strangers is a mental health issue called “xenophobia.” The leading causes of xenophobia are divided into those based on internal factors and external factors. Internal factors may be improper nurture, which manifests itself in arrogant behavior and features of the native culture, such as voluntary isolation....
The right of intercession concerning all authorities, combined with the right to administrative penalties for criminal charges and broad legislative initiative, gave the Tribune of the Plebs extraordinary political power. Initially, they used force for the state welfare, and in the end, served as a dangerous tool in the hands...
The spoils system is the provision of posts and privileges of the winning party to supporters for services during the election. The Spoils system consists in the fact that the country’s winning president places all adherents in government positions. It is an efficient and effective system of power retention. Explanation:...
The war that broke out between Britain and Zanzibar in 1896 lasted only 40 minutes. This armed conflict, in which the British colonialists and the Zanzibar Sultanate confronted, went down in history as the shortest war in the world. Explanation: The invasion of imperial troops on the territory of the...
The most comprehensive definition of contrapposto is a way of depicting a figure in art, in which the position of one part of the body is contrasted with the view of the other part. Contrapposto dynamizes the rhythm of the figure and allows portraying its movement or tension without disturbing...
There are several factors that contribute to the credibility of the information. To make sure one can trust a particular source, the following things should be checked: its authority, accuracy, objectivity and currency. Explanation: Reliability of the information one is looking for is based on several principles. To safely call...
The Soviet Union created the Molotov Plan in 1947, a program aiming to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically assigned to the Soviet Union. The Plan was proposed as the Soviet Union rejected the Marshall Plan created by Americans. Explanation: Britain, France, and the United States tried...
George H.W. Bush had Timberwolf as his secret service name, and Barbara Bush was named Tranquility. Secret names have been issued for candidates protection initially; however, Secret Service uses other ways of confidential communication nowadays, which led to the disclosure of names. Explanation: President’s service code name is a secret...
The major difference in terms of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes lies in the ways of the ruling execution. The authoritarian government, being opposite to democracy, seeks to focus power in the hands of an individual. Totalitarian regime, on the contrary, tries to control every aspect of people’s lives through the...
The investment demand curve is the graphical representation which depicts the shifts in willingness to invest. Explanation: If the investment demand curve shifts to the right, that will imply on an increase in demand. That shift would entirely depend on the current economic situation. With that in mind, investors decide...
The last representative of the Habsburg dynasty on the Spanish throne was born in Madrid in 1661. Charles II was the son of Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria, who was his niece. Explanation: The Habsburg House was considered the most powerful dynasty in medieval...
The consideration clause of an insurance contract includes the amount of insurance payments that the company must pay to the client in the event of an insured event. Such moment implies not only the death of the client, but may also include the onset of illness, injury or psychological disorders....
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was published by the vice president John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations, which favored the North economy at the expense of the South. Explanation: The Tariff of Abominations placed nearly 50% of taxes on foreign manufactured goods, which was disadvantageous...
A behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) is a scale that estimates the behavior of employees in various situations from the most desirable to unacceptable. In cases where it is necessary to assess the compliance of employees’ behavior with the established norms and standards adopted in the company, the BARS method...
Reconstruction may be defined as a period in the history of the United States after the Civil War that is characterized by significant political, economic, and social changes connected with the abolition of slavery. Unfortunately, it may be regarded as a failure due to its rejection by white southerners and...
Common shares are shares available for purchase on the stock market, including those held by institutional investors and company officials (insiders) that have ownership in a corporation. To calculate common stock, there can be found a specific accounting formula: the number of issued shares minus treasury stocks equals to the...
During World War I, at the beginning of the 20th century, Americans renamed hamburgers to the “liberty sandwiches” due to the German etymology of the word “hamburger.” The meal appearance dates back to the 1840s when there was an impressive amount of German immigrants in the United States due to political...
Jacksonian democracy can be defined as the era of economic and political reforms of 1820-1830. Explanation: Jacksonian democracy was named after Andrew Jackson, the nation’s 7th President. It began in 1828 when Jackson was elected President and ended in 1837. The democracy of Jackson is related to numerous political and...
The French Invasion of Russia represented a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars, which turned out to be dramatic for the French. It occurred in 1812, when the Grande Army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, invaded Russian territory through the Neman River. Explanation: By 1812, Napoleon’s power was unquestionable on the...
The Benedictine rule offers a comprehensive directory for reaching the main idea of both spiritual and physical well-being of a monastery or monk. The latter is expected to integrate manual labor, prayer, and study into a daily routine. Developed by St. Benedict in AD 480-550 for monks in the abbey...
The historically significant of McCulloch v. Maryland has genuinely revealed the concept of the inherent powers of the U.S. Congress. During this process, Maryland’s state leadership taxed a branch of the National Federal Bank, which was sharply opposed by the chief cashier, James McCulloch. The conflict reached the Supreme Court,...
The Anti-Comintern Pact means an agreement concluded first between Germany and Japan on November 25, 1936, and then between Italy, Germany, and Japan on November 6, 1937. It was targeted supposedly at stopping the spread of Communism around the world and against the Communist International (Comintern). However, the pact, in fact,...
Protectorate is a country that is mainly governed and defended by a more powerful country that serves as the protector. Explanation: Protectorate is a state or a territory that is partly administered by a stronger state but is autonomous in internal politics. Hence, it does not imply the possession of...
The White League was created as a paramilitary structure, actively promoting a policy of white supremacy and acting as the opposition to Republican government forces. The main goal of the League was to create chaos in a variety of ways to reduce the number of Republicans voting and organizing. The...
President Nixon’s foreign policy was manifested in the fact that he shifted the American ideological conflict with China and USSR towards a containment policy. Nixon foreign policy with China imperatively changed the course of US-China relations by visiting China in 1972. Explanation: R. Nixon repeatedly stated the necessity of changing...
The construction of the state of a new democracy was directly connected with the implementation of the Three Principles of the People of Sun Yat-sen. To one degree or another, these principles, which are nationalism, democracy, and national prosperity, were reflected in the content of the theory and practice of...
The Yamasee war held between 1715 and 1717 was an armed conflict between British colonists and Indians in the area of the present state of South Carolina. The Indians killed hundreds of colonists, and many settlements were destroyed. Free traders were murdered throughout the southeastern region of the United States....
In order to answer the question how did Christopher Columbus die and when his death took place, it is important to reflect on his gout condition. Modern medical specialists mostly agree on the fact that there was a different environment during his life, which is why it is believed that...
The US Supreme Court’s decision in Barron vs. Baltimore case in 1833 emphasized that the Bill of Rights restricts the rights of the federal government, but not the rights of the states. Barron vs. Baltimore ruling stated that the first ten Amendments to the Constitution of the US that are...
The main difference between northern and southern slave imports was the fact that first southern slaves arrived with Spanish colonists, whereas the northern slaves were primarily imported by British Empire. Later, when northern states were declaring themselves as free states, there was a flow of slaves to the southern states,...
United States food marketing bill’s largest single item is marketing bill series, which is the key component of a food dollar concept. Marketing bill series of the food marketing bill consists of two elements, which are farm share and bill. Explanation: The active use of marketing in managerial activities is only...
The layer-cake federalism is also known as dual federalism and divided sovereignty. This is a political structure in which power and responsibilities are divided between the federal government and state ones in clearly defined terms. The state governments exercise the powers that were granted to them without the intervention of...
A market risk premium formula is calculated by deducting a risk-free rate of return from the expected risk of return or from the market rate return. It is used by investors to determine the level of risk against risk-free investment. Explanation: The investors want to balance the risk with the...
Frustration aggression theory is a phycological explanation that states that aggression is a possible outcome of blocking someone’s attempts to achieve a goal, and of frustration. Explanation: The frustration-aggression hypothesis was first proposed by a group of psychologists from Yale University: Neal Miller, John Dollard, Leonard Doob, Robert Sears, and...
The pun is a literary device based on the confusing use of a word that has several meanings or two equally sounding words with different meanings. Typically, puns are used as a joke and can produce a humorous effect resulting from a successful collision between two meanings. Explanation: Puns are...
The Carroll doctrine is a principle, according to which police officers are allowed to search a vehicle without having a warrant if they have a reason to believe it necessary. Explanation: In most cases, a policeman needs the warrant to search, but there are a few exceptions. One of them...
Ascribed status means the social position of a person in society given at birth. Statuses that are ascribed to a person cannot be changed. Examples of ascribed status include gender, age, race, and ethnicity. Explanation: Status is a social position in society, and in everyday use, it means “prestige.” Status...
In European history, the divine right of kings is a political doctrine that supports the monarchical absolutism, which stated that kings got their authority and power from God. That is why they cannot be responsible for any of their actions and by any authority such as a parliament. Explanation: The...
Biphasic response is a general term that is mostly used in alcohol drinking. The underlying idea is that alcohol consumption produces dual biphasic effect in a consumer, which are both stimulating and sedating. The given duality increases the chance of alcoholism occurrence among drinkers due to the increased range of...
The U.S. elections of 1920 are recognized for their anti-presidential radical preconditions. Most of the economic leaders influencing home and overseas policy had been now not interested in the parent of Wilson, who, provided to change the freedom of the United States for cooperation with the prevailing international locations in...
The Pope’s Rebellion or the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a rebellion of the Pueblo Indian tribes against the oppression of the Spanish colonizers, who imposed on them the Christian faith and their orders. The uprising was organized by the Pueblo leader Pope, and the memory of the uprising influences...
The definition of “implied powers” applies to powers that are not expressly provided to Congress by the Constitution but are nevertheless exercised by it. They are considered to be “necessary and proper” for the effective execution of those powers granted to it by the Constitution. Explanation: The authors of the...
It was the wife of the 11th President of the United States, James Polk, named Sarah Childress-Polk. Although she did not recognize it in life, most historians believe that the ban on slutty lifestyles, card games, and dancing at balls is directly related to the religiousness of women. Explanation: The...
John Roebling is an outstanding civil engineer who was born in Germany and earned fame in the United States. His primary invention is a steel wire rope, and it allowed Roebling to create his industrial complex. Its production allowed him to realize his other passion – suspension bridges. His most famous...
Yazoo Land Fraud is a massive fraud with real estate, during which the U.S. State of Georgia’s politicians in 1794 sold vast tracts of land to political insiders at meager prices. In 1796 the state made attempts to return the land. These disputes reached the Supreme Court, but it settled...
According to the US Constitution the President fulfills the role of the commander in chief of the military. As the Constitution states, the President is the supreme military commander. Explanation: In the year 1947, it was decided that the acting President of the US will perform the responsibilities of the...
Marginal revenue is an increase in income resulting from the sale of an additional unit of product. The marginal increase equation is a division of the change in total revenue by change in the total quantity of units produced and sold. It is actively used for determining product pricing, scheduling...
A blackout is the temporary memory loss that can occur for various reasons. However, in most cases, a blackout is referred to the breaches in memory due to the overconsumption of alcohol. Explanation: Different prior states of an individual can characterize a blackout. A person can lose consciousness for a...
Consumer rights and the law on consumer protection allow people to fight against abuse by sellers and producers of consumer ignorance. These laws are designed to deter sellers of goods and services from abusing their capabilities when they try to make a profit by taking advantage of the lack of...
The periodicity assumption states that the business activities of a company can be divided into specific periods. The reporting periods are usually a month, a quarter, or a year. A reporting period of one year is called a financial year. Explanation: The correct way to measure an organization’s performance would...
At any industrial enterprise, there is a product that has not passed a cycle of manufacturing ultimately and has not become ready. Therefore it is in a stage of faulty manufacture. However, such goods are the property of the enterprise, and therefore must necessarily be inventoried, as well as any...
The Chola empire managed to conquer many territories due to its ruling system, powerful authorities, and continuous cultural enrichment. The empire symbolizes a fundamental stage in history, which enriched the culture and contributed to civilization’s growth. Explanation: Chola is the empire in Southern India that became one of the dynasties...
This is the type of state in which various nations, nationalities, historically formed in this ethnic territory live together. Explanation: When surfing the Internet, one can always come across such questions as “Is Indonesia a multinational state?”. To answer this question, it is crucial to understand what this concept implies....
The California Bear Flag Republic existed for two weeks, numbered only about two hundred citizens, and did not have any civilian government. Explanation: To determine Bear Flag Republic definition, it is necessary to turn back to this historical epoch when the collapse of the Mexican state occurred in 1846. At...
John Muir states that the reason why do people cut down trees is that they the given process creates a vast open space for agricultural needs, such as cattle farmlands. However, due to his naturalist views, he is greatly displeased and opposes the deforestation. Explanation: John Muir deserves the right...
The recommended method for attaching a haul line to a firearm is to attach it to the firearm’s sling in a manner that the firearm hangs with the muzzle pointed down. Explanation: Gun safety measures are essential for every hunter, as well as hunter education in general. It aims at...
A mercenary is a person who engages in armed conflict not from ideological, national, political considerations, does not belong to any ideological group interested in the outcome of the conflict, and not in accordance with military duty, but for personal gain. Explanation: In order to understand the definition of a...
The murder in 1881 of President J. Garfield, committed by one of the disappointed applicants for public office, aroused great indignation of the population. This forced both parties to enforce through the Congress the United States Civil Service Improvement and Regulation Act, named after its author by Pendleton’s Law. Since...
Munn and his partner Scott argued that the Illinois legislature could not regulate the work of their private enterprise, the granary. Explanation: The Munn v. Illinois case is quite famous. If you are searching for an answer to the question “Why is the Wabash case important in history?”, you need...
The main United States legislature has two types of authority. These include the expressed and implied powers of Сongress.Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution, provides a list of subjects of exclusive jurisdiction that fall within the expressed powers of the Congress. All other items of authority (residual powers)...
The Belmont Report, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, was issued in 1978 by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The report is significant because it addresses the problems and describes basic ethical principles and important guidelines for...
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant fervor movement that started in about 1790 and lasted almost until 1840. For many people, its main highlight was the psychological transformation of one’s religious identity, some kind of rebirth. Explanation: The Second Great Awakening was a period of evangelical revival and fervor...
During the Civil War, the Border States that included Kentucky, Delaware, Missouri, Maryland, and West Virginia were the slave states that didn’t leave the Union. They played a rather important role in the Union’s victory as they gave the advantage in money, factories, and troops. Explanation: The American Civil War...
The starting point of the heyday of American fine art can be considered the middle of the 19th century. Andy Warhol, Georgia O’Keeffe, Edward Hopper, and Jean-Michel Basquiat are universally recognized as the most talented, innovative, and famous American artists. It is thanks to them and many other painters that...
The Hammurabi definition is that it was the name of one of the monarchs who governed Babylonia in the 18th century BC. During his reign, King Hammurabi united Babylon and neighboring cities into a single state and expanded the borders of the newly formed empire to the entire region of...
Alexander Mitchell was an American politician and the 50th U.S. Attorney General under the 28th President of the United States of America Thomas Woodrow Wilson. Under Mitchell’s leadership Palmer Raids were conducted. A. Mitchell Palmer and his raids were a response to the Red Scares. Explanation: The revolution in Russia...
The Zimmerman Note is one of the most important documents in U.S. and world history because this letter initiated the participation of the United States in the First World War (WWI). In this letter, Germany invited Mexico to become an ally and start a war against the United States. Explanation:...
In accounting, companies use days payable outstanding or days sales receivables in order to make accurate estimations of the outstanding accounts receivable. However, it is critical to note that the given estimation is measures in sales days averages and not in currency units. Explanation: Days Sales ratio formula is DSO for...
Presidential democracy is a way of distributing power, or a form of government, in which the executive and legislative branches of government have separate authorities and are elected separately. This form of government balances the political system and prevent usurpation of power. Explanation: The main features of the presidential system...
Net domestic product is depreciation minus gross domestic products (GDP), which serves as a measure for the financial prosperity of a business. The decrease in the net domestic product is considered a positive measure. Explanation: Net domestic product (NDP) is a special measure of a nation of that measures economic...
The gross domestic private investment is a component of GDP, based on the amount of physical investments within the country. Explanation: Gross domestic product, or GDP, contains the most prominent information of the country’s economy. There are several ways to calculate it, and one of them is the expenditure approach....
Economic profit is the difference between the total income received by a business and the sum of total explicit and implicit costs. Following this, economic profit can be calculated by the formulas: Accounting Profit = Total Revenues – Explicit Costs Economic Profit = Accounting Profit – Implicit Costs You can...
The tertiary circular reactions definition in Piagetian theory is an infant’s action that creatively modifies former schemes to adapt to the requirements of new situations. Such reactions occur close to the end of the sensorimotor stage at about the beginning of the 2nd year. Explanation: The tertiary circular reactions vary...
Glittering generalities is a method of propaganda, which implies vague words or statements that have an emotional appeal on people without providing specific grounds. Such words usually have a positive effect on people as they identify high-valued ideas and define the general concept of the glittering generalities. Explanation: As a...
The tax return is a document that is filled by a taxpayer every year in order to show all the details about the incomes and expenses of an individual or an institution. This document allows taxpayers to calculate taxes that are paid to the government depending on the number of...
Ticket splitting is the tendency of the voting system in the United States to cast votes concurrently for the candidates based on their appeal to the voter, notwithstanding one’s political allegiance. Such a voting approach has a broad application and signifies the weakness of the party, as well as the...
The principle of lateral continuity states that sediment layers initially propagate in all directions; in other words, they are continuous in the transverse direction. Likewise, similar rocks that are currently separated by a valley or other erosion element can be considered initially permanent. Explanation: The sediments of some investigated areas...
Balanced reciprocity is one of three kinds of reciprocities in sociology. The other two are generalized and negative reciprocity. Balanced reciprocity occurs when people provide support or give gifts to each other in equal amounts. Explanation: Balanced reciprocity can best be explained by redistribution anthropology and reciprocal exchange, which refers...